江汉平原粮食开发必须走优质高产高效的道路

分析江汉平原粮食生产的优势与问题,运用商品经济的观念,提出改革开放新形势下加快江汉平原粮食开发的设想,即依托市场,按照价值规律,科学地调整种植业比例和粮食种类结构,发展优质品种,扩大优化模式及采用高新技术等,通过优质、高产、高效,促进江汉平原粮食生产的发展。     

Structural Adjustment of Oasis Agriculture in Xinjiang

As a special basic economic region in China, Xinjiang is situated in the arid area in the Northwest China. Oasis agriculture is the basis of the national economy. The development of oasis agriculture helps to accelerate the development of economy, social and environment. After 50 years of practice, from 1949 to 2002, oasis agriculture in Xinjiang enhanced rapidly the scale of agricultural industry and had great changes in its structure. The amount of cultivated area rose from 120.97*102 ha t…     

基于遥感尾气监测的柴油车气态污染物排放因子计算方法研究

采用遥感尾气测试系统实测了柴油车在实际道路工况下的CO、HC和NO排放特征,修正了排放因子的计算方法,并与车载排放测试系统（PEMS）实测结果进行了验证,获得了实测车辆的CO、HC和NO排放因子.测试结果显示,在各种遥感监测的工况下柴油车尾气中均含有较高浓度的氧气,未考虑氧气影响的燃烧方程反演获得的各污染物体积浓度计算值与PEMS实测值的偏差较大,且氧气浓度越大,偏差越大.经过氧气修正的燃烧方程反演计算的尾气浓度与PEMS实测值吻合度大幅提升,适用于实际工况下遥感检测车辆尾气的反演计算.修正算法得到CO、HC和NO的排放因子离散性较小,精确度较高,可以为量化柴油车尾气排放贡献提供科学依据.     

基于稳定氢同位素的太原市大气单环芳烃来源

采集太原市城北和城南区域环境空气和5类污染源挥发性有机物样品,测定样品中典型单环芳烃稳定氢同位素（δD）组成,基于同位素质量平衡原理计算单环芳烃从源到环境空气受体的δD初始混合值,探讨单环芳烃来源.结果表明,柴油挥发源、溶剂挥发源、汽油挥发源（97^#）、汽油挥发源（95^#）、机动车尾气（97^#）、机动车尾气（95^#）和民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD范围依次为：（-138.7‰~-115.5‰）、（-147.0‰~-121.0‰）、（-150.8‰~-117.6‰）、（-131.8‰~-113.8‰）、（-171.2‰~-120.0‰）、（-138.9‰~-102.7‰）和（-168.3‰~-142.3‰）,民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD显著贫重氢同位素（D）组成,机动车尾气源与汽油挥发源中苯的δD相比显著贫D,可用于探索污染物转化过程;城北和城南环境空气中δD范围为（-131.7‰~-115.1‰）和（-131.9‰~-74.9‰）,δD初始混合值为-138.4‰和-173.9‰,体现了其来源差异.     

Effect of substituents in hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation of azo pyridone dyes: Theoretical approaches on the reaction mechanism

Understanding the degradation behavior of azo dyes in photocatalytic wastewater treatment is of fundamental and practical importance for their application in textile-processing and other coloration industries. In this study, quantum chemistry, as density functional theory, was used to elucidate different degradation pathways of azo pyridone dyes in a hydroxyl radical (HO^?)-initiated photocatalytic system. A series of substituted azo pyridone dyes were synthesized by changing the substituent group in the para position of the benzene moiety, ranging from strong electron-donating to strong electron-withdrawing groups. The effect of dye molecular structure on the photocatalytic degradation reaction mechanism was analyzed and quantification of substituent effects on the thermodynamic and kinetics parameters was performed. Potential energy surface analysis revealed the most susceptible reaction site for the HO^? attack. The calculated reaction barriers are found to be strongly affected by the nature of substituent group with a good correlation using Hammett σ_p constants and experimentally determined reaction rates. The stability of pre-reaction complexes and transition state complexes were analyzed applying the distortion-interaction model. The increased stability of the transition state complexes with the distancing from the substituent group has been established.     

黑河中下游防风固沙功能时空变化及影响因子分析

黑河中下游是我国重要的防风固沙生态功能区,分析该区域的防风固沙功能时空变化,明确其主要的影响因子贡献,对于指导荒漠化防治、维护流域生态安全十分重要.该研究基于修正风蚀方程(revised wind erosion equation,RWEQ)、一元线性回归斜率分析、灰色关联分析和GIS技术,分析了2000—2017年黑河中下游防风固沙功能动态变化及其影响因子.结果表明:①2000—2017年,黑河中下游年均防风固沙量为3.2×109 t,年均防风固沙功能约为2.44×104 t/km2;防风固沙量总体呈增强趋势,年均增加6.67×107 t,年均变化率为1.85%.②区域防风固沙功能呈现中游较强,向下游递减的空间分布特征,防风固沙功能较高区约占研究区面积的31.54%,一般区占20.77%,较低区(北部荒漠区)占47.69%;甘肃省张掖市和嘉峪关市防风固沙功能呈增加趋势,回归方程系数(slope)为0~26.29%,占总面积的12.51%;额济纳旗东北部和甘肃省高台县中部防风固沙功能呈下降趋势,回归方程系数为-17.17%~0,占总面积的23.30%.③防风固沙功能主要影响因子中,风力因子最主要,贡献率为30.04%,其次为积雪覆盖、土壤湿度、植被覆盖,贡献率分别为24.57%、24.26%和21.13%.研究显示,防风固沙工程应综合考虑气候变化、植被覆盖、土壤特性及人类活动的复合影响,实行具有空间差异化的方案.      

SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND EUTROPHICATION ASSESSMENT FOR CHLOROPHYLL a IN TAIHU LAKE

Spatial structure analysis and kriging analysis have been identified to be useful tools in illustrating the spatial patterns of variables. Taihu Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in China, and has suffered serious eutrophication in recent years due to the rapid economic development and growing environmental pollution in the Taihu Catchment. In this paper, spatial structural analysis, kriging interpolation and eutrophication assessment were carried out for chlorophyll a in the lake. Studies show that spherical model could be applied to fit all experimental variograms. Positive nuggets were observed for three directions except NE–SW direction. The variograms show some anisotropy with anisotropic ratio falling within 1.76. The spatial structural patterns of chlorophyll a in the lake were affected by factors such as distribution of pollution sources, water flow and wind. Two-dimensional ordinary block kriging was applied for interpolation process. An eutrophication assessment map was also made based on a water-quality evaluation standard. Results show that the content of chlorophyll a in Taihu Lake was quite high. The whole lake has suffered serious eutrophication. However, the eutrophic situation varied in space. Higher contents of chlorophyll a appeared mainly in the northern part of the lake.     

吉林延吉八道金矿构造控矿模式

八道金矿为延吉中生代火山岩型金矿中较为典型的矿床之一。其矿床成因，除与火山作用有关之外直接受构造的控制，而火山作用本身又与区域深大断裂有关。本文着重讨论了矿区火山岩与朝阳河断裂的关系及构造控矿模式。     

四川锦屏山地区部分地层时代、玄武岩和花岗岩地球化学特征及构造环境

锦屏地区的地质研究程度较低，部分地层时代争议较大，玄武岩、花岗岩的性质、物质来源和构造环境等尚未深入研究。为了切实评价区域稳定性，基础地质研究十分重要。通过同位素年代学和孢粉分析，改盐塘组时代由中三叠世为早二叠世，皮罗渡桥西黑色砂页岩层为晚三叠世；稀土元素、过渡元素、微量元素和岩石化学分析表明，在金一箐断裂东西两侧分布的玄武岩为上地幔来源、不同于陆海环境的大陆裂谷喷发产物，花岗岩的分异和重熔程度不同，代表造山期挤压向造山期后拉张环境转化。上述结论为该区构造发展演化和区域稳定性评价、矿产资源寻找提供了重要基础资料。     

AZ31镁合金高温本构方程

分析并建立了具有动态再结晶型金属的本构方程模型,用Gleeble-1500D热/力模拟仪对AZ31镁合金进行圆柱体单向热压缩试验,并根据实验结果分析计算了本构方程模型中的各参数,获得了完整的AZ31镁合金高温本构方程。用本构方程计算了实验条件下的流变应力,计算值与实验值能较好地吻合,误差在8%以内。可为制订AZ31镁合金的热加工工艺提供理论与数据。