亚甲蓝分光光度法测定饮用水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法讨论

用10ml氯仿萃取离子缔合物一次,洗涤一次,不稀释。它与国标方法的线性回归无显著性差异,此方案测定样品的准确度En为0·34,小于1,结果令人满意,测量不确定度是除国标方法外最低的方案。因此它具有低污染、操作简单的特点,并可用于常规检测饮用水中的LAS。     

废水中含磷表面活性剂的测定

应用非水电位滴定法测定了废水中各种烷基磷酸酯钾盐及其单、双酯盐。方法的变异系数分别为２．３％和７．８％（ｎ＝１２）。本法可有效地消除非离子表面活性剂的干扰，适用于化纤油剂的质量检验和上油槽中油剂浓度的测定。     

Polymeric Complexes from Casein and Starch Phosphate: Characteristics and Enzyme Susceptibility

Novel biodegradable materials were prepared from potato starch enriched in phosphato moieties (DS 0.018 and 0.033) and casein in defatted milk. The components were blended in proportions providing starch: casein ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 and were then precipitated with hydrochloric acid. Aqueous solubility, water-binding capacity, infrared spectra, and thermal analysis (thermogravimetry[7] and differential thermogravimetry of the precipitates revealed that they were not simple physical mixtures of the components. The components interacted with one another electrostatically with involvement of the phosphate groups of starch and the peptide bond of casein, as documented by infrared spectra. Because of insolubility in 7 M aqueous urea solution, they might also be considered as complexes in which the components were chemically bound.     

低溶解氧和磷缺乏引发的非丝状菌污泥膨胀及控制

针对污泥培养过程中出现的非丝状菌污泥膨胀,分析了发生膨胀后污泥的特征、性状及其降解污染物性能.反应器中低溶解氧浓度（0～0.7mg/L）和低P/BOD₅值(0.78/100) 2种因素共同作用导致污泥膨胀.污泥胞外多聚糖含量越高,污泥憎水性越小,SVI也越高.通过提高溶解氧浓度和P/BOD₅值,可使污泥沉降性能得到恢复.此外,向膨胀污泥中投加多孔填料,在不降低处理效能的情况下,很快使系统免受污泥沉降性能恶化的困扰,而向膨胀污泥中投加强氧化剂NaClO并不能有效控制污泥膨胀.     

微生物絮凝剂的絮凝性及抗氧化性研究

考察了一株产絮凝剂细菌BK-4所产絮凝剂的絮凝能力、组成及抗氧化性.结果表明,接种量2％、培养24 h后BK-4菌发酵液的最大絮凝率可达96.9％.发酵液的主要组成为多糖,提取方法对粗提物的絮凝率有明显影响,水溶醇沉法粗提物的最大絮凝率可达95.6％,粗提物多糖含量为1.65g/L时对DPPH自由基的捕获率可达最大值3...     

紫外分光光度法在水中阴离子表面活性剂标准样品研制中的应用

研究了阴离子表面活性剂水溶液的紫外吸收特性，并将研究结果用于阴离子表面活性剂水质标样的稳定性，均匀性和定值工作，简化了操作手续，获得了准确的分析结果。     

藻-菌颗粒污泥中微生物胞外多糖特性研究

藻-菌颗粒污泥（Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge,MBGS）工艺在城市污水生物处理领域引起了越来越多的研究兴趣.胞外多糖（Polysaccharides,PS）是胞外聚合物（Extracellular polymeric substances,EPS）的重要组分,是维持颗粒稳定性的关键物质之一.研究了MBGS中PS的凝胶性能,以及松散结合的胞外聚合物（Loosely bound EPS,LB-EPS）和紧密结合的胞外聚合物（Tightly bound EPS,TB-EPS）中PS的含量、分布及单糖组成,并探究了MBGS的EPS中PS可能的微生物来源.结果表明,MBGS的PS具有凝胶性,主要分布在TB-EPS中,含量为 （40.06±2.30） mg·g^-1,其中半乳糖、葡萄糖和鼠李糖为主要单糖组分,而果糖和古罗糖醛酸未被检出.Thauera、Hydrogenophaga、Azoarcus和Acutodesmus是PS的主要微生物潜在来源.本文研究结果阐释了MBGS PS的基本特性,为MBGS工艺的稳定运行提供了理论基础.     

Preliminary Studies on Converting Agricultural Waste into Biodegradable Plastics—Part IV: Polysaccharide Containing Natural Materials

Corn distillers’ dry grain, corncob powder, hardwood powder, and sugar beet pulp were separately anionized by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solution. Solid reaction products instantly precipitated upon admixing each of the above-oxidized materials with soy protein isolate. Infrared spectra and differential scanning calorimetry supported the hypothesis that soy protein isolate complexed with all of the above-oxidized polysaccharides. Reaction products with either oxidized corn distillers’ dry grain or oxidized sugar beet pulp provided hard, brittle pellets with tensile strengths as high as 9.5 MPa, suggesting that these materials could be viable as biodegradable plastics.     

吸附铅、镉固定化细菌胞壁多糖小球包埋条件的优化选择

细菌已广泛应用于重金属废水的处理,多糖则是细胞壁的主要成分,并通过螯合作用吸附重金属,而固定化技术具有处理效率高,生产成本低等优势。采用正交实验法,以聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠为包埋剂,同时添加活性炭,硅藻土等对细菌胞壁多糖进行固定化,并以吸附铅、镉能力为主要考察指标,同时从机械强度、传质性、耐酸性等方面综合考虑,选择最优化的固定化小球最佳配方。结果表明,在聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、活性炭、硅藻土、多糖、二氧化硅和饱和硼酸中氯化钙的质量分数分别为10%、0.2%、1.5%、1.5%、0.8%、4%、3%,胶联时间为16h,己二胺浓度为0.06mol?L-1的条件下制得的固定化小球对铅、镉吸附的能力较强,并按照最佳配方进行了验证实验,对铅的吸附量达到4.4575μmol?g-1,对镉的吸附量达到4.1708μmol?g-1,机械强度、传质性和耐酸性都较好。