废旧家电回收体系建设的思考

废旧家电作为资源已被充分认识，介绍废旧家电的回收现状和回收处置的重要性，分析回收体系建设的六种渠道，结合我国部分大中城市的回收实践，探讨并提出了回收体系建设的参考途径。     

What substances or objects should be recycled? The recycling legislative experience in Taiwan

The legislative framework of waste management in Taiwan has never been efficient, mainly due to unclear definitions and regulations. In 2002, this system was split into two parts by enacting a new law, the Resource Recycling and Re-use Act (RRRA). However, it then became more complicated and recycling effectiveness was impeded. The causes were mainly the unclear definitions, conflicts about the scope, and issues between the RRRA and the Waste Disposal Act (WDA). This article examines the recycling legislation experience in Taiwan, and proposes two modifications for resolving these problems. The first proposal is merging these two acts into one. The second proposed modification maintains a two-system structure but introduces a new subject, discards, into the law. The subject of discards is further categorized as recyclable resources or waste, which correspond to recycling operations and disposal operations, respectively. The new structures, interfaces, prerequisites, properties, and comparisons are also explained.     

Formal and informal recovery of recyclables in Mexicali, Mexico: handling alternatives

The purpose of this paper is to review the case of a Mexican municipality in this field and highlight and identify critical gaps to be addressed. The paper seeks to explore intersectorial partnerships as a means to achieve sustainable solid waste management systems. Its point of departure is that, the highest level of service and maximum benefit is gained when a municipality sees its solid waste management mandates and handicaps clearly, uses the strengths of the other actors. The four main types of actors considered in this paper are: the municipal government, the formal private (commercial) sector, and the informal sector, which, includes individuals, small entrepreneurs, and micro-enterprises already working with discarded materials or having the potential to do so. Community based organizations (CBOs), either idealistically motivated or working for their own welfare, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), usually in pursuit of their own idealistic goals are also a part of the informal sector.     

Urban Mining: Quality and quantity of recyclable and recoverable material mechanically and physically extractable from residual waste

The mechanically sorted dry fraction (MSDF) and Fines (<20 mm) arising from the mechanical biological treatment of residual municipal solid waste (RMSW) contains respectively about 11% w/w each of recyclable and recoverable materials. Processing a large sample of MSDF in an existing full-scale mechanical sorting facility equipped with near infrared and 2-3 dimensional selectors led to the extraction of about 6% w/w of recyclables with respect to the RMSW weight. Maximum selection efficiency was achieved for metals, about 98% w/w, whereas it was lower for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), about 2% w/w. After a simulated lab scale soil washing treatment it was possible to extract about 2% w/w of inert exploitable substances recoverable as construction materials, with respect to the amount of RMSW. The passing curve showed that inert materials were mainly sand with a particle size ranging from 0.063 to 2 mm. Leaching tests showed quite low heavy metal concentrations with the exception of the particles retained by the 0.5 mm sieve. A minimum pollutant concentration was in the leachate from the 10 and 20 mm particle size fractions.     

一种可原位修复和循环使用的包覆涂层材料及其耐蚀性能研究

目的 制备纤维素基的包覆涂层材料,研究其原位修复与循环性能。方法 以乙基纤维素、蓖麻油和矿物油等为主要原料,采用熔融共混的方法制备得到可循环使用的包覆涂层材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和红外光谱(FT-IR)研究包覆涂层材料的微观结构,通过电化学交流阻抗技术(EIS)、溶液浸泡实验和中性盐雾试验研究涂层的耐蚀性能。采用自建电磁感应设备研究包覆涂层材料的自修复性能和循环使用性能。结果 在包覆涂层材料中添加Ni粉后,使得涂层具有一定的磁响应特性。当Ni的质量分数达到15%后,有明显的团聚现象。随着Ni含量的增加,包覆涂层材料的磁性能逐渐增强。含10% Ni的包覆涂层材料在5%的HCl溶液中浸泡28天以及中性盐雾10 000 h后均无变化,同时在磁场作用下热熔循环20次,性能和结构没有太大变化。结论 添加10% Ni粉后不会对包覆涂层材料的结构和性能产生影响,同时赋予了较好的电磁感应性能。通过磁场的作用可以修复包覆涂层材料的物理损伤,同时由于包覆涂层材料具有热塑性,可以多次修复损伤以及循环使用。