Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung by fetal lung biopsy

A case of type III congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung was successfully diagnosed prenatally by fetal lung biopsy. We performed this procedure at 22 weeks of gestation, using a biopsy gun system under ultrasound guidance. The pregnancy was undisturbed by the procedure but as the condition was incompatible with life, an abortion was performed. The diagnosis was confirmed at post-mortem examination. Fetal lung biopsy appears to be a useful method for prenatal diagnosis of fetal lung disorders.     

浮选剂黄药对蛙类胚胎的致畸毒性

报道了黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)受精卵短期暴露于黄药溶液后对胚胎发育所引起的影响.浓度高于0.1ppm的黄药溶液能显著引起蛙胚的畸形发育,使孵出的蝌蚪呈现单一的畸形症状——脊索蜿蜒弯曲,为黄药污染的水体之水质监测提供了一个生物学指标.     

Sonographic diagnosis of cystic adenomatoid malformation in-utero

Routine ultrasound examination at 30 weeks gestation revealed an intrapulmonary cystic mass in an otherwise normal fetus. Following delivery at term, the diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the right lung was confirmed, and an elective right middle lobectomy successfully performed at nine days of age.     

Heterogeneity in fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS): autopsy confirmation in three 20–21-week fetuses

Fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) is a rare condition characterized by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), congenital limb contractures, pulmonary hypoplasia, hydramnios and craniofacial abnormalities. The present report comprises an autopsy study of three fetuses to illustrate the variable clinical manifestations and neuropathological findings. Fetus 1 had arthrogryposis and no movement on fetal ultrasound examination. Aborted at 21 weeks, the fetus showed micrognathia, bilateral joint contracture with pterygia at the elbow and axilla. Growth retardation and pulmonary hypoplasia were not major features. Neuropathologic examination revealed anterior horn cell loss and lateral corticospinal tract degeneration in spinal cord, with marked muscular atrophy. Fetus 2, 20 weeks' gestation, had fetal akinesia, nuchal thickening, left pleural effusion, and Dandy-Walker malformation on ultrasound examination. Autopsy showed low-set ears, ocular hypertelorism, cleft palate, flexion contractures with pterygia over axilla, elbow and groin, pulmonary hypoplasia, Dandy-Walker malformation, unremarkable spinal cord and skeletal muscle. Fetus 3, 21 weeks' gestation, was aborted for fetal akinesia, neck and limb webbing and severe arthrogryposis. At autopsy, similar facial abnormalities, contracture and pterygia in neck and multiple major joints were found. Borderline pulmonary hypoplasia and severe lumbar scoliosis were also present. The brain, spinal cord and muscle were unremarkable. In these three fetuses, the prenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings were characteristic of FADS. Neurogenic spinal muscular atrophy was the basis of fetal akinesia in Case 1. Dandy-Walker malformation was present in Case 2, but the pathogenetic mechanism of fetal akinesia was not clear as spinal cord and muscle histology appeared normal. The etiology of akinesia was undetermined in Case 3; no extrinsic or intrinsic cause was identified. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation: A report of seven cases

Six cases of macrocystic and one case of microcystic congenital adenomatoid lung malformation were diagnosed by ultrasound between 20 and 31 weeks of gestation. Combined polyhydramnios and fetal hydrops was present in three cases, polyhydramnios alone in one case, and isolated fetal hydrops also in one case. In the remaining two cases, both polyhydramnios and fetal hydrops were absent. Fetal outcome was poor, i.e., two terminations of pregnancy, three early neonatal deaths, and two survivors.     

6种苯系物对虾夷扇贝的生殖毒性作用

采用半静水式毒性试验,研究了6种苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙基苯、邻–二甲苯、间–二甲苯、对–二甲苯)对虾夷扇贝的生殖毒性作用。在水温(16±0.5)℃、盐度30.0、p H 8.0条件下,用0.5、2.5、12.5 mg·L-1的苯、甲苯、乙基苯、邻–二甲苯、间–二甲苯、对–二甲苯处理虾夷扇贝的精子、胚胎和幼体,观察6种苯系物对虾夷扇贝的精子活力、卵子受精率、胚胎延滞率、胚胎畸形率、孵化率、幼体畸形率的影响。同时通过透射电镜观察6种苯系物(2.5 mg·L-1)对虾夷扇贝精子超微结构的损伤作用。结果发现:不同浓度苯系物处理组与对照组(0.0 mg·L-1)相比,虾夷扇贝精子的运动时间、卵子受精率及胚胎孵化率显著降低;胚胎发育延滞率、胚胎畸形率和幼体畸形率显著增加为并与处理浓度之间存在显著的剂量—效应关系。以上结果表明实验浓度下,6种苯系物对虾夷扇贝具有较强的胚胎毒性和生殖毒性作用。通过电镜切片发现,2.5 mg·L-1的苯、甲苯、乙基苯、邻–二甲苯、间–二甲苯、对–二甲苯导致虾夷扇贝精子超微结构损伤,表现为:精子质膜断裂、部分溶解,线粒体质膜和内嵴断裂、部分溶解。苯系物对虾夷扇贝精子超微结构的损伤可能是影响其精子活力和降低卵子受精率的主要原因之一。上述结果为苯系物对海洋贝类的生殖毒性评价提供基础数据。