The potential leaching and mobilization of trace elements from FGD-gypsum of a coal-fired power plant under water re-circulation conditions

Experimental and geochemical modelling studies were carried out to identify mineral and solid phases containing major, minor, and trace elements and the mechanism of the retention of these elements in Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD)-gypsum samples from a coal-fired power plant under filtered water recirculation to the scrubber and forced oxidation conditions. The role of the pH and related environmental factors on the mobility of Li, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Mo, and U from FGD-gypsums for a comprehensive assessment of element leaching behaviour were also carried out. Results show that the extraction rate of the studied elements generally increases with decreasing the pH value of the FGD-gypsum leachates. The increase of the mobility of elements such as U, Se, and As in the FGD-gypsum entails the modification of their aqueous speciation in the leachates; UO₂SO₄, H₂Se, and HAsO₂ are the aqueous complexes with the highest activities under acidic conditions. The speciation of Zn, Li, and Ni is not affected in spite of pH changes; these elements occur as free cations and associated to SO₄² in the FGD-gypsum leachates. The mobility of Cu and Mo decreases by decreasing the pH of the FGD-gypsum leachates, which might be associated to the precipitation of CuSe₂ and MoSe₂, respectively. Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry of the solid phase combined with geochemical modelling of the aqueous phase has proved useful in understanding the mobility and geochemical behaviour of elements and their partitioning into FGD-gypsum samples.     

The potential leaching and mobilization of trace elements from FGD-gypsum of a coal-fired power plant under water re-circulation conditions

Experimental and geochemical modelling studies were carried out to identify mineral and solid phases containing major, minor, and trace elements and the mechanism of the retention of these elements in Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD)-gypsum samples from a coal-fired power plant under filtered water recirculation to the scrubber and forced oxidation conditions. The role of the pH and related environmental factors on the mobility of Li, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Mo, and U from FGD-gypsums for a comprehensive assessment of element leaching behaviour were also carried out. Results show that the extraction rate of the studied elements generally increases with decreasing the pH value of the FGD-gypsum leachates. The increase of the mobility of elements such as U, Se, and As in the FGD-gypsum entails the modification of their aqueous speciation in the leachates; UO₂SO₄, H₂Se, and HAsO₂ are the aqueous complexes with the highest activities under acidic conditions. The speciation of Zn, Li, and Ni is not affected in spite of pH changes; these elements occur as free cations and associated to SO₄ ² in the FGD-gypsum leachates. The mobility of Cu and Mo decreases by decreasing the pH of the FGD-gypsum leachates, which might be associated to the precipitation of CuSe₂ and MoSe₂, respectively. Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry of the solid phase combined with geochemical modelling of the aqueous phase has proved useful in understanding the mobility and geochemical behaviour of elements and their partitioning into FGD-gypsum samples.     

脱硫石膏改良滨海盐碱土的脱盐过程与效果实验研究

针对上海滨海盐碱土的特点,借助土柱淋洗试验方法,研究了脱硫石膏改良滨海盐碱土的脱盐过程与效果,分析了不同石膏质量配比条件下(0%,1%,2.5%,5%和10%),土壤团粒结构和水力传导度变化以及盐碱土-脱硫石膏体系中的离子交换过程与效率.研究结果表明:加入脱硫石膏之后,盐碱土团粒结构得到改善,孔隙度变大,水力传导能力增强,平均导水系数是对照组的4~5倍,有效加快脱盐过程;在土柱开始淋洗的前6d内,离子交换过程表现最活跃,淋洗液的电导率和离子浓度急剧下降.添加脱硫石膏的土柱中钙离子优先置换出钠离子,平均脱钠效率达到对照组的1.8倍.钙钾离子交换和钙镁离子交换也同步发生,但规模明显小于钙钠离子交换.当脱硫石膏质量配比超过1%时,盐碱土的脱盐效果主要取决于原土中的交换性阳离子总量.随着配比增加,盐碱土脱盐的边际效益增加量并不显著.在充分混匀的理想条件下,建议上海滨海盐碱土改良过程中添加脱硫石膏的质量配比高于1%为宜.     

烟气脱硫石膏对滨海盐渍土的改良效果

为研究烟气脱硫石膏对滨海盐渍土的改良效果,选取上海南汇东滩的滩涂盐渍土为研究对象,开展了两年的烟气脱硫石膏修复试验,研究不同施用量（0、15、30、45和60 t/hm2）烟气脱硫石膏对滨海盐渍土化学性质的改良效果和对绿化乔木生长特性的影响,以及烟气脱硫石膏作为滨海盐渍土改良剂的重金属安全性.结果表明:施加适量烟气脱硫石膏显著降低了滨海盐渍土的pH和ESP（碱化度）,增加了对植物生长有利的Ca2+和SO₄2-含量,减少盐渍土中对植物生长有害的Na+和Cl-含量,降低了土壤速效磷和速效钾含量,增加了植物的株高和胸径.与对照处理相比,烟气脱硫石膏处理的土壤pH和ESP分别降低了5.7%~14.4%和16.7%~59.4%;土壤水溶性Na+和Cl-的含量降低了25.8%~64.4%和16.7%~59.5%,而土壤水溶性Ca2+和SO₄2-含量分别增加了4.08~31.30倍和9.83~23.33倍.施用烟气脱硫石膏2 a后,土壤速效氮与对照处理相比无显著差异,但土壤速效磷和速效钾含量分别较对照处理下降了35.6%~41.1%和21.9%~48.5%.烟气脱硫石膏施用量为60 t/hm2时,银杏和紫薇的株高分别增长了25.1%和34.7%,胸径分别增加了64.5%和35.2%.施用烟气脱硫石膏不会造成土壤重金属污染,不同处理下的土壤重金属含量均小于GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》二级标准.研究显示,烟气脱硫石膏应用于滨海盐渍土的改良,可以有效改善土壤质量和生态环境,为滨海城市贡献绿色耕地或绿化用地.      

Remediation of saline–sodic soil with flue gas desulfurization gypsum in a reclaimed tidal flat of southeast China

Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization(FGD)-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to remediate tidal flat soils of the Yangtze River estuary.Exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP), exchangeable sodium(ExNa), p H, soluble salt concentration, and composition of soluble salts were measured in 10 cm increments from the surface to 30 cm depth after 6 and 18 months. The results indicated that the effect of FGD-gypsum is greatest in the 0–10 cm mixing soil layer and 60 Mg/ha was the optimal rate that can reduce the ESP to below 6% and decrease soil p H to neutral(7.0). The improvement effect was reached after 6 months, and remained after 18 months. The composition of soluble salts was transformed from sodic salt ions mainly containing Na~+, HCO_3~-+ CO_3~(2-)and Cl-to neutral salt ions mainly containing Ca~(2+)and SO_4~(2-). Non-halophyte plants were survived at 90%. The study demonstrates that the use of FGD-gypsum for remediating tidal flat soils is promising.     

烟气脱硫石膏对滨海滩涂盐碱地的改良效果研究

在实验室条件下评估了烟气脱硫石膏不同施用量(0、5、10、25和50g/kg)对上海南汇滩涂盐碱土化学性质及对植物生长的影响.结果表明,施加适量烟气脱硫石膏可以降低滩涂土壤盐碱性,促进供试植物生长.与空白处理相比,烟气脱硫石膏施用量为25g/kg时,土壤pH和碱化度(ESP)分别显著降低5.45%和61.5%;可溶性Cl^-和CO₃^2-+HCO₃-含量分别显著降低33.0%和22.7%;可溶性Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-含量分别显著增加85.1%和96.3%(P < 0.05).试验还发现,施用量为25g/kg时土壤有机质和速效磷含量分别降低17.5%和54.0%,土壤速效钾含量提高39.5%.随烟气脱硫石膏施用量增加,番茄的果实鲜重、根鲜重和株茎的增加量分别高达144%、54.3%和9.53%;黑麦草的植株鲜重和根鲜重增加量分别高达46.6%和17.0%.但过量烟气脱硫石膏(如50g/kg)明显对植物生长不利.因此,25g/kg可推荐为改良滨海滩涂盐碱土及促进植物生长适宜和安全的烟气脱硫石膏施用量.