一种高效硝化菌联合体的分离

通过最大或然数液体分离法和固体平板分离法从武汉市西湖的湖泊底泥中分离得到了一种以氨盐为唯一能源,具有硝化作用的硝化菌联合体———A2-6-3。经16S rDNA菌种鉴定,此硝化菌联合体包含的菌种归属于硝化杆菌属、硝化螺旋菌属、红假单胞菌属,其中以硝化螺旋菌属为主。对硝化菌联合体A2-6-3进行硝化速率和传代稳定性研究,发现其将氨氮转化为硝态氮的平均硝化速率为4.02 mg/(L.d),最大硝化速率达到13.99 mg/(L.d)。硝化菌联合体A2-6-3的菌群组成和硝化性能传代后保持稳定。     

固定膜-活性污泥系统细菌多样性及脱氮关键菌研究

固定膜-活性污泥系统具有高效的脱氮效果,是传统活性污泥法升级改造的优选技术之一。对采用该工艺的上海某污水厂进行近2年监测,分析了该系统悬浮相和附着相的细菌多样性及脱氮关键菌,结果表明:1)悬浮相中细菌多样性及均匀度均优于附着相,两相生长的优势细菌有明显差别;2)NOB菌属的Nitrospira菌为整个系统的脱氮关键菌,且主要集中于附着相上;3)4号曝气池中Nitrospira细菌数量明显高于2号池,尤其在低温条件下,表明4号池附着相是脱氮反应的主要发生场所,且能够耐受冬季低温的不利影响。综上,论文从不同相态下功能微生物的角度阐明了其脱氮原理。     

Natural continuous influent nitrifier immigration effects on nitrification and the microbial community of activated sludge systems

Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated for 100 days under aerobic conditions, with one being fed with unsterilized municipal wastewater (USBR), and the other fed with sterilized municipal wastewater (SSBR). Respirometric assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results show that active nitrifiers were present in the unsterilized influent municipal wastewater. The maximum ammonia utilization rate (AUR) and nitrite utilization rate (NUR) of the unsterilized influent were 0.32 ± 0.12 mg NH4+-N/(L·hr) and 0.71 ± 0.18 mg NO2?-N/(L·hr). Based on the maximum utilization rates, the estimated seeding intensity for the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) of the USBR was 0.08 g AOB/(g AOB·day) and 0.20 g NOB/(g NOB·day) respectively. The fraction of nitrifiers/total bacteria in the influent was 5.35% ± 2.1%, the dominant AOB was Nitrosomonas spp., Nitrosococcus mobilis hybridizated with Nsm156, and the dominant NOB was Nitrospira hybridizated with Ntspa662. The influent nitrifiers potentially seeded the activated sludge of the bioreactor and hence demonstrated a mitigation of the acclimatization times and instability during start-up and early operation. The AUR and NUR in the USBR was 15% and 13% higher than the SSBR respectively during the stable stage, FISH results showed that nitrifiers population especially the Nitrospira in the USBR was higher than that in the SSBR. These results indicate that the natural continuous immigration of nitrifiers from municipal influent streams may have some repercussions on the modeling and design of bioreactors.     

不同溶解氧间歇曝气对亚硝酸盐氧化菌的影响

为了解溶解氧对间歇曝气模式下亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）种群结构的影响,在以城市污水为处理对象,以间歇曝气方式运行的SBR反应器中,检测两种主要NOB菌（Nitrospira、Nitrobacter）在低溶解氧运行时期（55d）和高溶解氧运行时期（113d）数量及结构的变化.结果表明,在低溶解氧运行时期Nitrospira的含量远高于Nitrobacter的含量,与Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii相似性较高的菌种为Nitrospira的优势菌种;而进入高溶解氧运行时期后,Nitrospira含量逐渐降低,相反Nitrobacter含量逐渐升高成为主要NOB菌群,并且其大多数菌种与Nitrobacter winogradskyi菌相似.另外,在低溶解氧运行转变为高溶解氧运行阶段出现了一定的亚硝酸积累,并在Nitrobacter成为优势NOB菌群过程中逐渐消失.