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1.
Social animals often use vocal communication signals that contain individual signatures. As bats emit echolocation calls several
times per second to orient in space, these might seem ideal candidates for conveying the caller's individual identity as a
free by-product. From a proximate perspective, however, coding of caller identity is hampered by the simple acoustic structure
of echolocation signals, by their task-specific design and by propagation loss. We investigated the occurrence of individual
signatures in echolocation calls in individually marked, free-living Bechstein's bats (Myotis bechsteinii) in a situation with defined social context in the field. The bats belonged to two different colonies, for both of which
genetic data on relatedness structure was available. While our data clearly demonstrate situation specificity of call structure,
the evidence for individual-specific signatures was relatively weak. We could not identify a robust and simple parameter that
would convey the caller's identity despite the situation-specific call variability. Discriminant function analysis assigned
calls to call sequences with good performance, but worsened drastically when tested with other sequences from the same bats.
Therefore, we caution against concluding from a satisfactory discrimination performance with identical training and test sequences
that individual bats can reliably be told apart by echolocation calls. At least the information contained in a single call
sequence seems not to be sufficient for that purpose. Starting frequencies did give the best discrimination between individuals,
and it was also this parameter that was correlated with genetic relatedness in one of our two study colonies. Echolocation
calls could serve as an additional source of information for individual recognition in Bechstein's bats societies, while it
is unlikely that a large number of individuals could be reliably identified in different situations based on echolocation
alone. 相似文献
2.
Two potential mechanisms for reducing the level of inbreeding, sex-biased dispersal and kin avoidance, were examined in the
Australian sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. The home range centres, and the genotypes at four polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci were determined for adult lizards
in a 70-ha study area near Mount Mary, South Australia. From estimates of genetic relatedness, females were as closely related
to other females as they were to males, both within the whole study area, and within home ranges. Similarly, males were as
closely related to other males as they were to females. This suggests that dispersal in the population is not sex-biased.
Sleepy lizards form monogamous pairs during the spring. Partners were less closely related to each other than to other potential
partners in the home range area. This suggests active choice of unrelated partners. The mechanism for recognising related
from unrelated individuals is unknown, but the behaviour could reduce inbreeding.
Received: 7 November 1998 / Accepted: 30 May 1999 相似文献
3.
Dorte Bekkevold Jane Frydenberg Jacobus J. Boomsma 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,46(2):103-109
Queen mating frequency of the facultatively polygynous ant Acromyrmex echinatior was investigated by analysing genetic variation at an (AG)n repeat microsatellite locus in workers and sexuals of 20 colonies from a single Panamanian population. Thirteen colonies
were found to be monogynous, 5 colonies contained multiple queens, whereas the queen number of 2 colonies remained unresolved.
Microsatellite genotypes indicated that 12 out of 13 queens were inseminated by multiple males (polyandry). The mean queen
mating frequency was 2.53 and the mean genetically effective paternity frequency was 2.23. These values range among the highest
found in ants, and the results are in keeping with the high mating frequencies reported for other species of leafcutter ants.
Consistent skew in the proportional representation of different patrilines within colonies was found, and this remained constant
in two consecutive samples of offspring. Dissections showed that all examined queens from multiple-queen colonies were mated
egg-layers. The mean relatedness value among nestmate workers in polygynous colonies was lower than that for monogynous colonies.
No diploid males were detected in a sample of 70 genotyped males. Worker production of males was detected in one queenless
colony. We discuss our findings in relation to known patterns of multiple maternity and paternity in other eusocial Hymenoptera.
Received: 2 September 1998 / Received in revised form: 3 February 1999 / Accepted: 7 February 1999 相似文献
4.
Kevin R. Foster Perttu Seppä Francis L. W. Ratnieks Peter A. Thorén 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,46(4):252-257
Queen mating frequency was studied in the European hornet, Vespa crabro, by analyzing four DNA microsatellite loci in 20 workers from each of 14 nests. Queens were found to be predominantly singly
mated (9/14), although double (4/14) and triple mating (1/14) also occurred. For most multiply mated queens, paternity was
significantly biased with the majority male fathering on average 80% of the female offspring. The population-wide effective
mating frequency was therefore low (1.11), and sister-sister relatedness high (0.701 ± 0.023 SE). Low effective mating frequency
in Vespa, in combination with data from other vespines, suggests that high paternity frequency is derived in the group. Some problems
with the non-detection of fathers, where the queen was not sampled or shared alleles with males, are analyzed.
Received: 16 November 1998 / Received in revised form: 29 March 1999 / Accepted: 12 April 1999 相似文献
5.
Robin F. A. Moritz Per Kryger Gudrun Koeniger Nikolaus Koeniger Arnaud Estoup Salim Tingek 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1995,37(5):357-363
Workers of six colonies of the giant honeybee Apis dorsata from Sabah, Malaysia (five colonies) and Java (one colony) were genotyped using single locus DNA fingerprinting. The colonies from Sabah nested in colony aggregations of 5 and 28 nests respectively on two trees. Three DNA microsatellite loci (A14, A76, A88) with a total of 27 alleles provided sufficient genetic variability to classify the workers into distinct sub-families revealing the degree of polyandry of the queens. Queens mated on average with 30.17 ± 5.98 drones with a range from 19 to 53. The average effective number of matings per queen was 25.56 ± 11.63. In the total sample of 192 workers, 22 individuals were found that were not offspring of the colony's queen. Three of these were potentially drifted offspring workers from genotyped queens of colonies nesting on the same tree. 相似文献
6.
Philopatry and mother-daughter associations in bushy-tailed woodrats: space use and reproductive success 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Social groups in mammals are often based on overlapping generations of philopatric females, yet few researchers have examined fitness consequences of associations between females and their daughters. We examined survival and reproductive consequences of sharing a natal site with one's mother or daughter in wild bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea). Bushy-tailed woodrats reside on discrete rocky outcrops, and females tend to spend their entire reproductive life on their natal outcrop. Mothers and daughters that co-existed on the natal outcrop were closely associated in space. Juvenile females were more likely to survive their first winter to become breeding yearlings at their natal site if their mother was also present at the natal site during the winter. Juveniles survived equally well with or without their mother where densities of adult females were experimentally reduced, suggesting that females enhance their daughter's survival by facilitating their access to limited resources. Yearling females exhibited no reproductive costs from association with their mothers at the natal site during the breeding season; in fact, yearlings that bred at the natal site simultaneously with their adult mothers tended (P = 0.07) to experience fewer reproductive failures than did those that bred in the absence of their mothers. Mothers did not experience any detectable costs when sharing a natal site with a daughter. We conclude that bushy-tailed woodrats exhibit stable, fitness-enhancing associations among mothers and their philopatric daughters. 相似文献
7.
M. Beye P. Neumann M. Chapuisat P. Pamilo R. F. A. Moritz 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,43(1):67-72
Genetic relatedness of the mound-building ant Formica pratensis was determined by means of microsatellite DNA polymorphism, and its impact on nestmate recognition was tested in a population
in Southern Sweden (Oeland). Recognition between nests was measured by testing aggression levels between single pairs of workers.
The genetic distances of nests (Nei's genetic distance) and the spatial distance of nests were correlated and both showed
a strong relation to the aggression behavior. Multiple regression analysis revealed a stronger impact of genetic relatedness
rather than spatial distances on aggression behavior. Neighbouring nests were more closely related than distant nests, which
may reflect budding as a possible spreading mechanism. The genetic distance data showed that nestmate recognition was strongly
genetically influenced in F. pratensis.
Received: 2 October 1997 / Accepted after revision: 10 January 1998 相似文献
8.
David B. McDonald 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(7):1029-1034
I use 10 years of data from a long-term study of lek-mating long-tailed manakins to relate the social network among males
to their spatial and genetic structure. Previously, I showed that the network connectivity of young males predicts their future
success. Here, I ask whether kinship might shape the organization of this “young-boy network”. Not surprisingly, males that
were more socially distant (linked by longer network paths) were affiliated with perch zones (lek arenas) that were further
apart. Relatedness (r) among males within the network decreased as social distance increased, as might be expected under kin selection. Nevertheless,
any role for indirect inclusive fitness benefits is refuted by the slightly negative mean relatedness among males at all social
distances within the network (overall mean r = −0.06). That is, relatedness ranged from slightly negative (−0.04) to more negative (−0.2). In contrast, relatedness in
dyads for which at least one of the males was outside the social network (involving at least one blood-sampled male not documented
to have interacted with other banded males) was slightly above the random expectation (mean r = 0.05). The slight variations around r = 0 among males of different categories likely reflect dispersal dynamics, rather than any influence of kinship on social
organization. Relatedness did not covary with the age difference between males. These results, together with previous results
for lack of relatedness between alpha and beta male partners, refute any role for kin selection in the evolution of cooperative
display in this lek-mating system.
This contribution is part of the special issue “Social Networks: new perspectives” (Guest Editors: J. Krause, D. Lusseau,
and R. James). 相似文献
9.
10.
A. Cohas N. G. Yoccoz A. Da Silva B. Goossens D. Allainé 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,59(5):597-605
Extra-pair paternity (EPP) can be influenced by both social setting and female mate choice. If evidence suggests that females
try to obtain extra-pair copulations (EPCs) in order to gain genetic benefits when mated to a homozygous and/or to a related
male, females may not be able to choose freely among extra-pair mates (EPMs) as the social mate may constrain female access
to EPMs. In this study, we investigated, first, how EPP depended on social setting and specifically on the number of subordinate
males in the family group in a highly social and monogamous mammal, the alpine marmot. Second, we investigated how EPP depended
on female mate choice for genetic benefits measured as male mate-heterozygosity and within-pair relatedness. Our results reveal,
first, that EPP depended on the social setting, increasing with the number of subordinate males. Second, EPPs were related
to relatedness between mates. Third, EPMs were found to be more heterozygous than within-pair males. Thus, social setting
may constrain female choice by limiting opportunities for EPC. However, after accounting for social confounding factors, female
choice for genetic benefits may be a mechanism driving EPP in monogamous species. 相似文献