垃圾焚烧烟气中HCl与消石灰的反应机理研究

测试了两种消石灰与垃圾焚烧烟气中HCl的反应率,得出了消石灰的反应率与反应时间的反应曲线,分析了消石灰与HCl的反应机理及影响消石灰最终反应率的因素。试验结果表明,消石灰与HCl反应初期按灰层扩散控制进行,两种消石灰的最终反应率分别为16％和36％。     

Making Capacity Building Meaningful: A Framework for Strategic Action

This paper aims to give practical meaning to ‘capacity building’ through (a) identifying a suite of practical measures, such as mentoring or best practice guidelines, that have been shown to or are considered to build human, social, institutional, and economic capital; (b) placing these measures within a broader systems framework; and (c) exploring stakeholder feedback on specific measures to inform framework implementation. The 29 measures described provide actors, whether government or nongovernment, with a suite of practical investment choices for building capacity. These measures are then clustered into eight groups according to their primary purpose and placed within a systems framework. The framework provides a tool for actors with responsibilities for or an interest in capacity building to inform more holistic and strategic targeting of effort and investment. Stakeholder feedback gathered through surveys and workshops is subsequently reported to further inform implementation of specific measures within the framework’s eight groupings. The framework presented may be built upon through the identification and inclusion of further capacity building measures. The research is conducted within the context of decentralized governance arrangements for natural resource management (NRM), with specific focus on Australia’s recently formalized 56 NRM regions and their community-based governing boards as an informative arena of learning. Application of the framework is explored in the Australian setting through the identification and comparison of measures supported and most preferred by four major stakeholder groups, namely board members, regional NRM organization staff, policy/research interests, and Indigenous interests. The research also examines stakeholder perceptions of capacity issues, and whether these issues are likely to be addressed through implementing their preferred measures.

汶川地震灾区过渡房安置点场地选择中的地震问题

大地震后,如何在最短的时间内在灾区选择比较安全的过渡房安置点建设场地,是一项具有挑战性的工作。本文以四川省汶川8.0级大地震后灾区群众快速安置为背景,论述了选择过渡房安置点场地必须考虑的地震问题,并提出了处理地震断层、地表裂缝、砂土液化、坍塌等实际问题的方案;利用强余震的预测结果,分析了这些灾害对场地可能造成的危害;同时对可能潜在的滑坡、危岩崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害提出相应的处理建议,供安置点规划建设参考。     

铁碳促进O3/H2O2体系深度处理准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物

构建了铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系降解矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中有机物,并考察了体系O_3、铁碳及H_2O_2投加量、初始pH值和反应时间对铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系处理渗滤液尾水的影响.结果表明,在铁碳投加量为3 g·L~(-1),O_3投加量为9.798 mg·min~(-1),H_2O_2投加量为2 mL·L~(-1),初始pH值为3的条件下,反应10 min后,渗滤液尾水的COD和UV_(245)分别从711.96 mg·L~(-1)、0.19下降至295.04 mg·L~(-1)、0.10.类比实验结果表明,铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系对渗滤液尾水有机物具有较高的去除率,且可生化性得到提高(BOD/COD从0.04增加至0.40).紫外-可见和三维荧光光谱显示,废水中难降解有机物转化为小分子有机化合物且腐殖质的分子缩合度降低.最后,采用SEM-EDS、XRD和XPS技术对铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系的反应机理进行了解析,发现铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2反应的机理为铁碳微电解反应、铁氧化物-H_2O_2非均相芬顿反应、O_3/H_2O_2、铁碳-O_3非均相的高级氧化作用和铁基胶体对有机物的吸附沉淀作用.研究表明,铁碳-O_3/H_2O_2体系是一种能够有效去除矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中难降解有机物的方法.     

Formulation and Validation of an Empirical Moisture Damage Index

An empirical moisture damage index was developed in order to reduce the subjectivity of the estimation of moisture damage in domestic residences, in relation to occupant health. The database was generated using information gathered from a sample of 164 houses that were examined by civil engineers, and questionnaire data collected from the occupants. The index was formulated to associate with the occupant reported respiratory symptoms by calculating weighted estimates of selected moisture damage attributes using 80% of the sample. The remaining 20% of the sample was used to verify the final index. The index associated strongly with the health symptoms of interest. This index is a tool that may be used as an indicator of moisture damage induced exposure in domestic residences.     

The interaction between physical and social-psychological factors in indoor environmental health

Indoor environmental health is now recognized as an important factor in preventing respiratory health problems in the United States. It is also a concern in Canada due to the amount of time that Canadians spend indoors because of cold weather and the potential for increased time indoors during the summer if theclimate warms. The negative health effects are often labeled assick building syndrome, but diagnosing a building or itsoccupants as sick is complicated by the variety of symptoms, thepresence of chronic versus acute symptoms and social andpsychological (socio-psychological) factors that may reduce theeffectiveness of an engineering solution. As a case study, thecontribution of various factors to indoor environmental health,in three buildings at the University of Toronto, was examinedusing five different methods. The results indicate that theinhabitants of the buildings consider features other than airquality in considering building health such as design,maintenance, funding cuts and socio-psychological factors.     

哈尔滨市生活垃圾处理产业化探讨

随着我国经济发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,城市垃圾产生量也不断增加,垃圾处理越来越受到人们的重视,垃圾处理产业也逐渐兴起.由于地区差异,工业发达程度和生活水平不同,不同的国家和地区有着不同的垃圾组成,相应的也采取不同的垃圾处理方法.哈尔滨市的生活垃圾处理现状具有一定的典型性,文章结合哈尔滨市实际情况,主要论述哈尔滨市生活垃圾的产量、特性及目前的处理状况,分析哈尔滨市生活垃圾问题的实质,对垃圾处理产业化存在的问题及其对策进行探讨,以期更好地促进生活垃圾处理步入产业化的发展轨道.     

建立商品房抗震安全监管体系的思考

在城市建设高速发展的今天,商品房日益增多。然而,商品房的抗震设防现状却令人不容乐观。本文通过认真分析商品房抗震安全监管存在的种种问题,提出了相关对策措施,旨在引起人们的重视并加以解决。     

生活垃圾生物处理的研究与展望

综述了国内外生活垃圾生物处理的研究进展和目前生活垃圾微生物研究水平，以及生活垃圾处理发展趋势与新动向，在此基础上提出了生活垃圾处理的建议和展望。     

建筑物地基安全性监测

建筑物地基安全性监测是及时掌握建筑在施工和最初使用阶段地基是否出现异常变形的重要方法。本文根据大量工程监测实践，分析了建筑物地基安全性异常的表现形式及产生原因，总结了建筑物安全性监测应注意的几个问题。