稳高压消防水系统的应用

武汉石油化工厂针对原消防水系统存在的问题,投资新建了稳高压消防水系统.本文对系统的内容、试运中存在的问题以及解决办法和测试情况进行了分析、讨论.     

Sewage sludge disintegration by high-pressure homogenization: A sludge disintegration model

High-pressure homogenization (HPH) technology was applied as a pretreatment to disintegrate sewage sludge. The effects of homogenization pressure, homogenization cycle number, and total solid content on sludge disintegration were investigated. The sludge disintegration degree (DDCOD), protein concentration, and polysaccharide concentration increased with the increase of homogenization pressure and homogenization cycle number, and decreased with the increase of sludge total solid (TS) content. The maximum DDCOD of 43.94% was achieved at 80 MPa with four homogenization cycles for a 9.58 g/L TS sludge sample. A HPH sludge disintegration model of DD_COD= kN^aP^b was established by multivariable linear regression to quantify the effects of homogenization parameters. The homogenization cycle exponent a and homogenization pressure exponent b were 0.4763 and 0.7324 respectively, showing that the effect of homogenization pressure (P) was more significant than that of homogenization cycle number (N). The value of the rate constant k decreased with the increase of sludge total solid content. The specific energy consumption increased with the increment of sludge disintegration efficiency. Lower specific energy consumption was required for higher total solid content sludge.     

新型二氧化铅电极处理有机染料废水的研究

研究了高压塑片法制备新型二氧化铅电极的工艺,通过循环伏安、X衍射和扫描电镜等手段对电极性能的考察表明,该电极不仅具有高电催化活性,还有很好的抗腐蚀性能.通过与普通石墨电极的对比实验,进一步探讨了该电极降解中性枣红染料的机制和工艺条件.结果表明,该电极在脱色和COD降解方面都有明显的优越性.在含磷酸盐和氯离子的体系中,降解效率尤为突出.     

软土地铁隧道盾构工法端头井加固稳定性分析

以上海地铁10号线盾构隧道的进出口端头井加固为例,说明软土地区盾构端头井基坑的加固方法,重点说明高压旋喷桩和三轴搅拌桩联合加固在软土地区的应用和用FLAC软件对加固后土体进行稳定性分析。表明此种方法在软土盾构端头井加固的设计和施工的实用性,为以后同类工程的设计和施工起到一定的借鉴作用。     

改造现有工艺回收地面计量天然气

为解决牙哈作业区A区块3口井在见水后含水上升较快、单井产液量增加、现有装置处理能力不足,导致A区块所有生产井不能全部进站的问题,同时为提高最终采收率,需要延长见水时间,见水后控制含水的上升趋势。这就要求掌握含水井的生产动态,而现有装置无法对单井的含水进行计量,塔里木油田公司牙哈作业区A区块建造集中试采装置,文章介绍了改造前后的工艺流程及改造效果。     

Variation of reservoir fluid property during the high pressure air injection process

This research aimed at determining the variation of reservoir fluid property during the high-pressure air injection process. For this purpose, the forward multiple contact experiment was employed by pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) system to investigate the physical property variation of the crude oil and the complex oxidation reactions. The results show: under the relative low temperature and pressure condition, instead of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide dominates the products in the air phase. The gas/oil ratio and volume ratio increased due to the generated gas while the viscosity and density achieved a descending trend. The colloid and bitumen in the oil phase reduced by half but the amount of wax achieved a small increase. The low-temperature oxidation and pyrolysis reactions caused the fluctuated change of the different compounds. The amount of light compounds decreased at the beginning and then increased while that of heavy compounds showed the opposite trend. But at last, due to the H/C ratio, the light compounds increased to more than their initial value.     

脱硫系统GGH吹灰器高压水喷嘴改进

GGH堵塞是脱硫系统运行常见问题之一,介绍了通过扩大吹灰器高压水喷嘴口径,增加喷嘴射流流量,提高对脱硫系统GGH清洗效果的途径,并实现脱硫系统不开烟气旁路挡板进行GGH波纹板高压清洗的目的。     

高压水射流卸压防治复合动力灾害机理及应用

为研究高压水射流卸压防治复合动力灾害的可行性，以余吾煤业高瓦斯矿井东翼采区内首采N2105工作面工程地质条件为背景，通过现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟和工业性试验等方法，对N2105进风平巷两帮采取高压水射流卸压防治效果进行了研究。结果表明:对巷帮煤体采取高压水射流卸压技术，煤体在高压水射流的冲击力和扰动应力波共同作用下瞬间发生破坏；巷帮侧支承应力分布曲线由原有的“单高峰值”转变为“内低外高双峰值”，受以上支承应力变化的影响，底板煤岩体内难以形成范围较大且连续的塑性应力状态区；现场电磁辐射和矿压监测结果表明高压水射流技术对煤层卸压增透效果显著，降低了巷道发生复合动力灾害的可能性。研究结果可为同类矿井复合动力灾害的防治提供参考和借鉴。     

高压管道天然气泄漏扩散过程的数值模拟

采用CFD模型的方法对高压管道内的天然气泄漏和扩散过程进行了数值模拟。其结果表明，从高压管道泄出的天然气在大气中主要表现为高速射流的泄漏过程和随后的扩散过程。在泄漏过程中，天然气在泄漏口附近为欠膨胀射流，整个泄漏过程具有一定的高度；在扩散过程中，天然气在浮力作用下以向上扩散的形式发展。研究了不同环境风速对扩散过程的影响，较大的风速可以使天然气向下风方向更远的距离扩散，从而增大了天然气爆炸危险浓度的范围。研究结果可     

突出煤层掘进防突技术研究

针对焦作矿区单一煤层开采特点,分析煤巷掘进突出和瓦斯涌出规律,探讨防突措施的适应性,研究出严重突出危险掘进工作面中高压注水综合措施,即在巷道两侧布置长钻孔抽放工作面前方及两侧煤体瓦斯,向掘进工作面前方应力集中带内打短钻孔进行中高压注水。边掘边抽钻孔提前抽放瓦斯,增大煤体透水性,有利于煤层注水和较高的压力水压裂破坏煤体,增加煤体透气性,提高瓦斯抽放效果。通过在严重突出矿井试验,3115m巷道未发生一次突出,巷道掘进速度平均提高一倍以上,有效解除了突出危险,大幅度提高了掘进速度。研究与实践证明,中高压注水综合防突措施具有广泛的适用性、有效性和安全性特征。