石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定轻质油中痕量砷时样品前处理方法的探讨

研究了轻质油中痕量砷的几种样品处理方法。实验表明，石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定时，用碘-甲苯和H2O2-HNO3相结合处理轻质油样品较为合适，萃取效率可达90％。并对影响萃取测定的其它因素作了初步探讨。     

用四种仪器综合鉴定污油

发生一起重大油污后，在港的船舶船东双都拒绝承认，我们先后采集船上机舱污油和被污染水草，进行了气相色谱，Ｘ－荧光能谱，红外光谱，等离子发射光谱分析，为综合鉴定油样提供了科学依据。     

现代分离技术在环境分析中的应用

对样品进行预处理分离的主要目的是:①浓缩痕量污染物,降低最小检测浓度;②除去干扰物,提高测定的精确度和灵敏度;③通过化学衍生,提高被测物的灵敏度和选择性;④消除对分析系统有害的物质,使仪器保持良好稳定的运行状况。文章综合论述了固相萃取技术、固相微萃取技术、膜萃取技术、超临界流体萃取技术、毛细管电泳技术、加速溶剂萃取技术和微波萃取技术等现代分离技术在大庆油田环境分析中的应用现状以及分离技术的发展前景。     

Detailed analysis of PCBs and PCDD/Fs impurities in a dielectric oil sample （ASKAREL Nr 1740） from an imported transformer in China

Homolog and congener profiles of polychlori- nated biphenyls （PCBs）, polychlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxins （PCDDs） and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDFs） in commercial PCBs formulations are useful information for the source appointment of PCBs contam- ination as well as the risk assessment caused by potential exposure. Dielectric oil （ASKAREL Nr 1740） in an imported transformer found in China was sampled and analyzed by isotope dilution technology using high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （HRGC/HRMS）. The detailed homolog and congener profiles of PCBs obtained were compared with those of known Aroclor formulations. High similarity in the homolog profile between the oil sample and Aroclor 1260was found, with the hexachlorinated and hepta- chlorinated biphenyls accounting for more than 80.2% of the total PCBs concentration. Severn indicator PCBs contribute about 30%, while 12 PCB congeners （i.e., # 153, #143, #168, #180, #149, #165, #138, #170, #190, #187, #174, #181） account for more than 50% of the total PCB concentrations. Total concentration ofPCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs （DL-PCBs） was found to be 740 ng TEQ/g, of which 620 ng TEQ/g came from DL-PCBs. The contribution of PCDDs to the total TEQ was neglectable. The concentration of PCDFs homologs follows the order of OCDF 〉 HxCDFs 〉 HpCDFs 〉 PeCDFs 〉 TeCDFs, which is in consistence with the previous study on Aroclor 1260. Three DL-PCBs congeners （i.e., #118, #156, #157） accounted for 77% of the total concentration of DL-PCBs, also they contribute 72% in the TEQ caused by DL-PCBs.     

采集水中乳化性和溶解性油样装置

采集水中乳化性和溶解性油样，要避开漂浮在水表面的油膜。设计的采样装置，可避开水面油膜采集水面下任意深度的乳化性和溶解性油类水样。１装置用５００ｍＬ或１０００ｍＬ试剂瓶作采样瓶，选１试剂瓶，２橡胶塞，３采样架，４橡胶管，５止水夹。图１采样装置示意择合适...