“Bats,snakes and spiders,Oh my!” How aesthetic and negativistic attitudes,and other concepts predict support for species protection

This research investigates whether species are perceived differently based on aesthetic and negativistic attitudes, and whether these and other attitudes, naturalistic activities, and gender predict support for the protection of threatened species. 228 undergraduate students completed a survey in which they rated pictures of 10 endangered species on aesthetic and negativistic attitudes, and support for protection. Findings showed that the two-striped garter snake, Ozark big-eared bat, and dolloff cave spider were conceptualized differently than other species, which may be the result of “irrational” fears linked to animal phobias, culture, and emotional reactions to pictures. The regression results support the common belief that aesthetics is an important determinant in perceptions of endangered species and that the importance of negativistic attitudes may be waning. Moralistic worldviews and attitudes toward landowner rights and the Endangered Species Act were significantly related to support for governmental protection of species. Surprisingly, naturalistic activities and gender were not significantly associated with support for governmental protection of species. In general, the results were consistent across both models. However, the amount of variance explained by aesthetic and negativistic attitudes was 23 percent higher in the other species models than in the bat, snake, and spider models.     

Distribution of Zooplankton along the Longitudinal Profile of Two Disturbed Small Rivers of the Upper Volga Basin

The abundance and trophic structure of zooplankton along the longitudinal profile of two typical rivers in the Yaroslavl sector of the Volga region are determined by anthropogenic and zoogenic factors. The distribution of zooplankton under the influence of these factors is described by the concept of patch dynamics. The abundance of zooplankton reaches the highest values in the ameliorated upper reaches of rivers and in beaver ponds.     

四环素胁迫对Shigella flexneri细菌四环素抗性基因抗性表达的影响过程

四环素(TC)抗生素在不同环境介质中已被广泛检出,为研究其对四环素抗性基因(TC-ARGs)丰度变化及表达水平的影响过程,以从活性污泥中筛选和纯化分离获得的弗氏志贺氏菌(Shigella flexneri)为研究对象,考察了不同浓度TC对其生长过程的作用影响,采用荧光定量PCR和逆转录PCR方法定量检测了不同抗性机制TC-ARGs,包括tetC、tetO和tetX基因的丰度变化及表达水平,并探讨了TC浓度与TC-ARGs丰度及其表达水平之间的相关关系.结果表明,在培养周期内(24 h),TC胁迫对Shigella flexneri细菌的生长具有抑制作用,细菌细胞浓度增长速率随TC暴露浓度的升高而降低,但对TC-ARGs丰度变化影响较小.TC胁迫能够促进Shigella flexneri细菌TC-ARGs的转录表达,tetC、tetO和tetX基因表达水平在整个培养周期内均先升高后降低.由相关性分析可知,TC浓度与TC-ARGs丰度及其表达水平之间相关关系不显著,但tetC和tetO基因丰度与其转录表达水平之间存在显著的正相关关系,表明其基因丰度一定程度上可用来衡量和评价其抗性表达水平.     

中国黄土元素背景值分异规律研究

报道了中国黄土中40个元素的背景值,并以F、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、V、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Cd、Pb、Hg等13个元素为例,讨论了其在黄土高原的分布与含量。利用趋势面分析等数理统计方法,揭示了黄土中元素的某些环境地球化学特征及元素背景值的分异规律。结果表明,黄土的元素背景值具有三维的分异特征,黄土的质地及沉积的生物气候环境黄土是影响背景值分异的主要因素。为中国黄土的风成学说提供了佐证。     

下古生界海相碳酸盐烃源岩地球化学的研究现状

本文对国内外下古生界海相碳酸盐岩研究的四个主要方面作了总结：（1）有机质丰度及其影响因素；（2）有机质赋存形式；（3）下古生界海相碳酸盐岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力恢复方法和原理；（4）下古生界海相碳酸盐岩热成熟度研究。这四个方面是评价我国下古生界海相碳酸盐岩勘探前景至关重要的因素，也是近年来我们研究下古生界海相碳酸盐岩的热点和难点问题。     

A decision tree approach modelling functional group abundance in a pasture ecosystem

Decision tree, one of the data mining approaches, was used to model the relative abundance of five functional groups of plant species, namely high fertility response grasses (HFRG), low fertility tolerance grasses (LFTG), legume, moss and flatweeds in a New Zealand hill-pasture ecosystem using aboveground biomass. The model outputs were integrated with a geographic information system (GIS) to map and validate the predictions on a pasture. The decision tree models clearly revealed the interactions between the functional groups and environmental and management factors, and also indicated the relative importance of these factors in influencing the functional group abundance. Soil Olsen P was the most significant factor influencing the abundance of LFTG and moss, while soil bulk density, slope and annual P fertiliser input were the most significant factors influencing the abundance of legume, HFRG and flatweeds, respectively. Generally, slope and soil Olsen P were the two key factors underlying the patterns of abundance for these five functional groups. For the five functional groups studied, there was an overall predictive accuracy of 75%. Modelling functional group abundance simplified the investigation of the complex interrelationship between species and environment in a pasture ecosystem. The integration of the decision tree with GIS in this study provides a platform to investigate community structure and functional composition for a pasture over space, and thus can be applied as a tool in pasture management.     

2003～2005年大亚湾水螅水母类生态研究

根据2003年12月-2005年5月对大亚湾纬度22．563°以北海域进行的7个航次海域生态环境监测资料,对大亚湾水螅水母类的种类组成及优势种、数量分布、区系特征等作了探讨,结果表明:本次调查,大亚湾共出现水螅水母类40种,其中大洋性种有6种,其总N／O值为5．67,表明本海区水螅水母类的近岸性较强;四叶小舌水母(Liriope tetraphylla)是第一优势种,占水螅水母丰度的27．59％;大亚湾海域水螅水母类,其动物地理区划属印度-西太平洋区印-马亚区。     

柯树背岩体铀金成矿远景分析

本文在研究柯树背岩体矿物岩石学特征基础上 ,通过对该岩体的铀金成矿元素丰度、铀金矿化类型、铀金矿石物质成分及成矿阶段的划分、矿脉的铀金含量及其相关关系、围岩蚀变及原生晕特点、铀金矿化控制因素的详细研究 ,从岩体的放射性地质地球化学特点、岩体蚀变及剥蚀强度、岩石化学及稀土元素地球化学、矿脉向深部的变化趋势等几个方面分析了该岩体的铀金成矿远景及今后找矿工作的意见 ,指出该岩体西体南部断续出现的柯树背—隘高断裂上盘 1km范围与下寮—大坑里断裂夹持区为铀金成矿远景区。     

细菌群落结构对水体富营养化的响应

于2005年2月在太湖不同营养水平湖区采集水样,寞接提取水样的总DNA,以细菌16SrDNA通用引物进行V3区PCR扩增,产物经DGGE(变性凝胶梯度电泳)分离后,获得水体细菌群落的16SrDNA指纹图谱;并运用FDC(表面荧光直接计数)方法对细菌丰度进行了测定.结果表明,水体中细菌的群落结构随着水体富营养化程度的改变产生明显变化,细菌数量呈现随水体营养水平增加而上升的趋势,营养水平较低的湖心区细菌数量仅为2.87×106 cells·mL-1,超富营养化的五里湖区水体中.细菌数量高达5.92×106cells·mL-1;细菌群落多样性随水体营养水平增加呈现显著的下降趋势,在超富营养化的1#、2#采样位点,细菌DGGE主要条带数量仅为23条,在沉水植物丰富区(贡湖湾)细菌DGGE主要条带数量达33条.PCA(主成分分析)的聚类结果表明,太湖水体中不同营养水平下的细菌群落多样性可大致归为3种类型,超富营养化的五里湖区水体细菌群落结构与梅粱湾及汞湖湾存在明显不同,可以大体归为超富营养类型、藻型湖区及草型湖区类型3种.此结果反映了水体富营养化过程中,由于营养物质的增加,促进了某些类群微生物的大量繁殖,水体中微生物的生物量显著增加;生态环境条件的恶化,造成了微生物多样性的下降,这可能导致原本稳定的水生态系统脆弱化.     

珠江口沉积物中生物有效性硅的赋存形态及释放研究

运用A Tessier逐步化学连续提取法,研究了珠江口沉积物中各种生物有效性硅:Ⅰ-可交换离子态、Ⅱ-碳酸盐结合态、Ⅲ-铁锰氧化物结合态、Ⅳ-有机质和硫化物结合态.研究表明:表层沉积物中,Ⅲ为优势赋存态.在沉积柱C2中,Ⅲ＞Ⅳ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅰ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ随深度变化无规律性,Ⅲ随深度先升高后下降,Ⅳ表层含量较高,到达一定深度(18 cm左右)后骤降.释放试验表明:振荡在一定时间内有利于硅释放;而盐度对硅释放的影响比较复杂,低盐度(5%以内),随盐度升高,释放量下降.当盐度继续升高时释放量又增加,但高盐度对硅释放影响不大;硅的释放在pH值=3～8范围内随着pH值升高而减少.