Preparation of rare-earth metal complex oxide catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the most promising technologies for pollution abatement. Developing catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial for the application of the CWAO process. The Mn/Ce complex oxide catalysts for CWAO of high concentration phenol-containing wastewater were prepared by coprecipitation. The catalyst preparation conditions were optimized by using an orthogonal layout method and single-factor experimental analysis. The Mn/Ce serial catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and the metal cation leaching was measured by inductively coupled plasma torch-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that the catalysts have high catalytic activities even at a low temperature (80°C) and low oxygen partial pressure (0.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The metallic ion leaching is comparatively low (Mn<6.577 mg/L and Ce<0.6910 mg/L, respectively) in the CWAO process. The phenol, COD_Cr, and TOC removal efficiencies in the solution exceed 98.5% using the optimal catalyst (named CSP). The new catalyst would have a promising application in CWAO treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2005, 6(2): 40–44 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

TiO2薄膜光催化效果的强化

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,将其涂覆在普通钠钙玻璃上,以TiO2对甲基橙的光分解率探讨TiO2薄膜最佳光催化性能.结果表明,当PEG400的加入量为7%时,TiO2薄膜的光催化性能最强;用锐钛型TiO2粉末二次引发的溶胶提拉制成的薄膜对甲基橙的光催化分解效果有很大的提高;经滴加操作后薄膜的光催化性能有明显改善;各个影响因素最好的组合效果为滴加操作 锐钛型粉体引发 H2SO4超强酸化 La3 掺杂.     

Ionic dye adsorption by zinc oxide nanoparticles

The adsorption behaviour of Basic Red 12, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 1 on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) has been investigated to understand the physicochemical process involved and to explore the possible use of nanoparticles in the treatment and management of textile waste matter. The dye removal capacity of ZNP towards Basic Red 12, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 1 was found to be 15.64, 6.78 and 6.38 mg g^?1, respectively. The adsorption process was pH dependent and optimum pH values of 9.0, 2.0 and 4.0 were obtained for Basic Red 12, Acid Orange 7 and Acid Blue 1, respectively. Equilibrium was established after 1.0 h for all dyes. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were applied to the system. The adsorbent ZNP was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. SEM analysis revealed the noticeable nanoporous morphology of the material. The results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that the process is driven by an electrostatic complexation mechanism. XRD studies revealed the nanocrystalline structure of ZNP. BET surface area measurement suggested a high pore volume and large surface area for the adsorbent. The kinetic measurements suggested pseudo-second-order kinetic processes with high regression coefficients and smaller standard error of estimate values and lower residual sum of squares. The thermodynamic measurements suggested that all processes were exothermic and accompanied by negative values for Δ G⁰, Δ S⁰ and Δ H⁰.     

巯基改性高岭土负载CeO2-CdS光催化降解结晶紫

为获得高效催化活性的光催化材料,实现偶氮类染料的高效降解,试验以巯基乙酸钠作为硫源和高岭土改性剂合成了巯基高岭土/CeO₂-CdS催化剂,并以降解结晶紫为模板反应,优化确定了巯基高岭土/CeO₂-CdS催化剂的制备条件.采用XRD（X射线衍射）、SEM（扫描电子显微镜）、TEM（透射电子显微镜）、FTIR（傅里叶红外光谱）和UV-Vis（紫外-可见光漫反射光谱）对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:①催化剂是由巯基高岭土、立方相结构的CdS和萤石结构的CeO₂组成;②CdS和CeO₂的负载破坏了巯基高岭土的层状结构;③最优催化剂和巯基高岭土/CeO₂的可见光的响应范围分别为550和450 nm;④当CeO₂:CdS（摩尔比,下同）为4:6,巯基高岭土:CeO₂-CdS（质量比,下同）为1:3时,催化剂具有最优的光催化活性;⑤在50 mL结晶紫浓度为10 mg/L的溶液中,添加0.1 g最优催化剂后,采用350 W氙灯对其光照150 min时,结晶紫的降解率为95.1%;⑥最优催化剂具有良好的重复使用性能,重复使用5次时,对结晶紫的降解率为90.4%.研究显示,结晶紫降解的最终产物为CO₂和H₂O,催化剂对结晶紫的降解机理是以羟基自由基氧化为主和超氧基氧化为辅的共存氧化机理.      

铝镁氢氧化物溶胶吸附脱色性能的研究

对染料在具有永久正电荷的铝镁氢氧化物上的吸附,考察了铝镁比、染料类型、pH值等因素对吸附效果的影响,并进行了动力学、热力学研究结果表明,铝镁氢氧化物溶胶具有良好的脱色效果,铝镁比为1∶3的溶胶处理效果最佳;溶胶对大多数阴离子型染料的脱色率明显大于其它类型;染料的吸附量随pH值的增大而减小;溶胶对实验的各种阴离子型染料的饱和吸附量在961—3319mg·g-1之间;吸附量随温度升高而减小,说明吸附是放热过程     

马拉巴栗净化室内空气中甲醛的研究

采用观赏性植物马拉巴栗(也称发财树,Pachira aquatica)进行甲醛去除试验,在模拟箱内通过甲醛分析仪研究甲醛质量浓度随时间的变化规律。结果表明,当模拟箱(1.25m×1.25m×1.25m)内甲醛初始质量浓度分别为0.24mg·m-3、0.40mg·m-3和0.53mg·m-3时,分别经过10h、14h和11h后甲醛的去除效率可以达到100%。在空白箱子及放植物的箱子内壁及植物叶片上喷洒1%的二氧化钛(TiO2)溶胶后,二者分别经过12h和10h后降低为零。试验证明,马拉巴栗对甲醛具有良好的吸收降解效果。     

聚硅酸溶胶和凝胶的电镜观察

用透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）和扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）观察了硅酸溶胶的聚合过程。在ｐＨ值与Ｎａ２Ｏ·ｎＳｉＯ２模数一定时，其聚合速度与温度有关，温度高聚合快。聚硅酸溶胶粒子主要是圆形或椭圆形颗粒，粒子由于聚集变大，硅酸凝胶具有毛刷结构，其间隙被水填充。反应时，聚集、聚合和溶解同时进行，最后聚集起主要作用，凝胶形成。     

新型抗腐蚀防渗漏环保工程防护溶胶

介绍了一种新型抗腐蚀耐老化防渗漏混凝土环保工程防护溶胶（简称防护溶胶）的工作原理、特征及功效，通过与传统防渗漏材料的对比，指出防护溶胶能有效提高混凝土结构的耐久性。     

废水催化湿式氧化稀土金属氧化物催化剂的研制

采用共沉淀法制得锰铈复合氧化物催化剂,催化湿式氧化处理高浓度苯酚废水。通过正交实验筛选催化剂制备条件,单因素实验优化制得催化剂。研究了CWAO处理废水条件下的金属离子溶出和催化剂的表征。结果表明,该催化剂在低温低压条件下具有优良的湿式氧化催化活性,且金属离子溶出量低,是一种CWAO处理高浓度有机废水中极具应用前景的新型高效催化剂。     

制备方法对Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂低温选择性催化还原活性的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法、浸渍法以及两者相结合的方法制备了Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂.运用XRD、BET和SEM等技术对催化剂进行了表征,发现溶胶凝胶法制备的Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂为锐钛矿结构,具有较大的比表面积,中孔结构丰富,Mn、Ce活性组分在载体表面高度分散或形成了无定形结构.实验研究了催化剂对氨选择性催化还原NO反应的催化性能,结果表明,用溶胶凝胶法制备的Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂脱硝活性最好,当Mn、Ce负载量为20％,NH3/NO摩尔比为1.1,空速为9 436 h-1,烟气温度为240℃时,NO转化率大于90％.