全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)免疫相关基因表达的影响

为了解全氟辛烷磺酸盐(perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFOS)暴露对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)免疫功能的影响,在实验室条件下,运用RT-PCR方法分析了PFOS暴露对半滑舌鳎热休克蛋白hsp70、hsp90、C型凝集素(c-type lectin)和细胞色素c氧化酶(cytochrome c oxidase, cox)等4种免疫相关基因表达水平的影响。实验测定了上述4种基因在半滑舌鳎肝、鳃、肠及肌肉4种不同组织中随时间(0、24 h、48 h、96 h和7 d)的表达变化情况。结果表明,在4种组织中,hsp70基因的表达与对照相比为上调,其中,肝组织hsp70基因的表达量显著高于其他各组织,且表达高峰值的出现也早于其他各组织;hsp90基因在肝和鳃组织中表达量随时间不同而波动,在肠组织中表达上调,在肌肉中表达显著下调;c-type lectin基因表达量与对照组相比表达显著下调或无明显差异;cox基因在肝组织和肠组织中表达下调,在鳃和肌肉中表达上调。上述研究结果表明,PFOS能引起免疫相关基因的表达变化,对半滑舌鳎具有潜在的免疫毒性。肝组织中各免疫基因对PFOS胁迫的响应高于其他组织。本研究可为阐明全氟辛烷磺酸盐对半滑舌鳎的免疫毒性提供基础数据。     

Imidacloprid induced alterations in oxidative stress,biochemical, genotoxic,and immunotoxic biomarkers in non-mammalian model organism Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Imidacloprid (IMI), a neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely used to control pests in agriculture. We investigated the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation levels, biochemical effects, genotoxic effect, and immunotoxic effect of sublethal doses (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00?µg) of IMI at different time periods (24, 48, 72, and 96?h) on a model organism, Galleria mellonella L. The results indicated that there were dose-dependent increases in both antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) and MDA levels. Protein content was not affected by IMI at 24th and 48th, whereas it was decreased by the highest dose of IMI (1.00?µg) at 72nd and 96th h. Lipid and carbohydrate contents were reduced with increasing doses of IMI. Micronucleus frequency significantly increased in all IMI doses. All IMI doses caused a significant decrease in THC at 24th, 48th, and 72nd h. Our results can help to illustrate the effects of IMI in target organisms and indirectly may aid to discover potential risk of it on nontarget organisms. Future studies, at molecular levels, will be helpful in understanding the mechanism of action of IMI on these biomarkers.     

镉对小鼠免疫毒性研究

采用体内试验和体外试验方法,观察氯化镉对小鼠免疫功能的影响。免疫后不同时间,给小鼠一次灌胃30mg/kgCdCl2,未见对免疫功能产生明显影响。反复多次灌胃染毒14天,在0.3mg/ks/d组可见明显抑制小鼠脾淋巴细胞IgM－pFC,抑制率为42.1％。体外试验表明,12.5μmol/LCdCl2与淋巴细胞作用48h,25μmol/LCdCl2作用72h,对淋巴细胞增殖反应抑制率分别为38.3％和77.8％,以上结果表明氟化钢具有明显的免疫毒性。     

雌激素受体作为壬基酚的主要作用靶点导致机体免疫毒性

雌激素作为一类重要的性腺类固醇化学信使,已经被证实能够直接调节机体免疫反应,因此,一些具有拟雌激素特性的环境内分泌干扰物(endocrine disruptors,EDs),会通过影响雌激素相关信号通路对免疫系统产生干扰作用。壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)作为典型的环境内分泌干扰物,已有大量的文献报道其通过拟雌激素特性或干扰雌激素的合成、分泌、转运以及与靶点的结合,破坏机体生殖功能以及神经-免疫-内分泌系统,影响整体生理平衡与稳定。近年来,NP对免疫系统的干扰作用逐渐引起重视,研究发现,NP暴露会引起小鼠免疫器官及免疫细胞的发育异常,并且会导致新生小鼠肝毒性,肝脏细胞内炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β分泌增加。除NP作为配体干扰雌激素信号通路外,尚未发现其他明确的分子机制解释NP造成的免疫毒性。本综述主要结合近年来相关的实验结果,总结了NP对免疫系统的潜在影响及其可能的分子机制。     

DEHP暴露对鲤鱼肾脑生物标志物的影响

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)对鱼类肾、脑组织生物标志物的影响,将鲤鱼分别在浓度为5、20、80、160 mg·L~(-1)的DEHP水体,暴露20 d,以水和吐温-80为对照,测定肾脑组织中多种酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明:与水对照组相比,吐温-80组所测各项指标,差异均不显著。与水和吐温-80对照组相比,各染毒组,肾脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和抗羟自由基、抗超氧阴离子的活力均显著降低(P0.05或P0.01)。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)酶活性呈现先升高后降低,在5、20、80 mg·L~(-1)浓度组显著升高(P0.05)。丙二醛(MDA)含量在80、160 mg·L~(-1)浓度下,显著升高(P0.05),但脑组织中变化不显著。脑中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)在各浓度组显著升高(P0.05或P0.01);乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)在80、160 mg·L~(-1)时降低显著(P0.05);钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN)呈先升高后降低的趋势,在20 mg·L~(-1)下,升高显著(P0.01),在80、160 mg·L~(-1)浓度组,降低极显著(P0.01);抗羟自由基、抗超氧阴离子活性均显著下降(P0.05或P0.01)。可见,在实验浓度范围内,DEHP对鲤鱼具有一定免疫毒性和神经毒性,进一步的机理有待研究。     

Immunotoxic manifestations in rats following inhalative exposure to furfural vapors

Furfural is an industrial compound used as a process intermediate and as a solvent; it poses a potential inhalation hazard in occupational settings. This study was carried out to find furfural-induced immunotoxicity in Wistar rat following inhalative exposure. The weights of thymus and lymph node were found decreased, while the weights of the liver and the adrenal gland were significantly increased following furfural exposure. Delayed-type hypersensitivity response was found decreased in furfural vapors-exposed animals when compared to that of control animals. The phagocytic index of peritoneal and alveolar exudates showed significant decrease and was most prominent (90%) in 30 days-exposed groups. The number of anti-rat anti-sheep red blood cell immunoglobulin M plaque forming cells of spleen got decreased in furfural-exposed groups in comparison to control. Taken together, this study indicates that inhalation of furfural induces immunotoxic manifestations that could lead to severe immunological disorders.     

二噁英对免疫系统影响的研究进展

二噁英是持久性有机污染物的一种,它对人体健康的影响是多方面的,包括引起氯痤疮、诱发肿瘤、导致畸形、内分泌干扰、免疫毒性和肝毒性等等.本文着重总结了在二噁英对免疫系统的影响方面最近的研究进展.研究表明,二噁英可以从多方面干扰免疫系统的功能,它可以影响机体的体液和细胞免疫、超敏反应、自身免疫以及影响免疫细胞本身的活性,同时...     

铝对体外培养鸡脾淋巴细胞的免疫毒性

以鸡脾脏淋巴细胞为试验对象,通过短期体外培养的方法研究了铝暴露对鸡免疫细胞的毒性作用.将不同浓度的AlCl3添加到培养液中(终浓度分别为0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8mg·mL-1),对鸡脾淋巴细胞原代培养24h,检测培养液上清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,淋巴细胞增殖、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量.结果表明,与对照组相比,各暴露组培养液上清中LDH活性均显著升高(p<0.05,p<0.01),且随铝暴露浓度的增加,LDH活性逐渐升高,呈明显的剂量-反应关系,表明铝暴露能够破坏鸡脾淋巴细胞膜,导致细胞活性下降;与对照组相比,各暴露组淋巴细胞增殖能力、培养液上清中IL-2和TNF-α含量均显著降低(p<0.05,p<0.01),且随铝暴露浓度的增加,3者均逐渐降低,呈明显的剂量-反应关系,表明铝对体外培养鸡脾淋巴细胞具有一定的免疫毒性作用。     

Selective effects of fenitrothion on murine splenic T-lymphocyte populations and cytokine/granzyme production

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of fenitrothion (FNT) on mouse splenic lymphocytes. Here, naïve mice had their spleens harvested and splenocytes isolated. After exposure to FNT for 48 hr: splenocyte viability was measured using a tetrazolium dye assay; cell phenotypes, i.e., B-cells (CD19⁺), T-cells (CD3⁺), and T-cell subsets (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺), were quantified by flow cytometry; and, production of cytokines/granzyme-B was assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ability for FNT to induce oxidative stress in the cells was evaluated by measuring hydroxyl radical (·OH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The results showed that FNT significantly inhibited splenocyte proliferation, and decreased production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon gamma, IL-4, and granzyme B, but had no impact on IL-6 production. FNT also selectively decreased splenic T-cell levels but did not induce changes in CD19⁺ B-cells. Further, within the T-cell populations, percentages of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T-cells (particularly CD8⁺ T-cells) were reduced. Lastly, FNT selectively increased MDA and ·OH production and inhibited SOD and GSH-Px activities in the splenic lymphocytes. These findings suggest that, due to oxidative damage, FNT selectively inhibits splenic T-lymphocyte survival and cytokine/granzyme production in vitro.     

双酚A对昆明小鼠免疫毒性的研究

为了研究双酚A对小鼠的免疫毒性,实验设立3个剂量的染毒组(分别为240、480和960 mg·kg-1)和1个未处理对照组,考察昆明种小鼠经口染毒21 d后,双酚A对小鼠脏器系数、免疫球蛋白水平、淋巴细胞增殖、NK细胞活性及脾淋巴细胞亚群比例的影响,并采用HE染色法观察脾脏和胸腺组织的病理变化.结果显示:双酚A染毒后,小鼠的脾脏及胸腺组织受到不同程度的损伤,肝、脾系数增加,胸腺系数降低;血清中Ig G和Ig M水平降低,脾脏T淋巴细胞刺激指数、CD4+细胞及CD8+细胞比例升高,NK细胞毒作用减弱.表明双酚A染毒可损伤小鼠的免疫器官,导致其免疫功能紊乱.