白眉蝮蛇毒精氨酸酯酶对CHL细胞增殖抑制和染色体畸变的影响

研究了蝮蛇清栓酶的有效成分精氨酸酯酶体外对中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞 (CHL)增殖和染色体畸变的影响 .精氨酸酯酶的浓度以酶活单位U表示 .细胞增殖抑制试验和染色体畸变试验都用两种方法 :直接法和代谢活性法 .精氨酸酯酶设 3个浓度 :1.0× 10 -3 U /mL ,0 .5× 10 -3 U /mL和 0 .2 5× 10 -3U/mL .其中最高浓度比临床治疗浓度高约10 0倍 .细胞增殖抑制试验采用细胞贴壁培养 ,乙醇固定 ,结晶紫染色 ,单层细胞密度计测定细胞密度 .染色体畸变试验采用给药后 2 4h和 48h收集中期分裂细胞 ,低渗固定 ,制片 ,Giemsa染色 ,观察 10 0个中期分裂细胞的染色体结构异常及多倍体的出现率 .试验结果表明 ,精氨酸酯酶在上述浓度对CHL细胞的增殖没有抑制作用 ,对CHL细胞的染色体结构也没有影响 .表 2参 10     

蛇毒制剂抗肿瘤活性和机理的研究进展

蛇毒含多种酶类和多种不同生理、药理活性蛋白,蛇毒中可分离出心脏毒素、细胞毒素、组分C等,毒性主要由破坏细胞膜而实现.蛇毒制剂治疗癌症有较好的效果,近年来国内外学者也越来越重视蛇毒制剂抗肿瘤机理的研究.蛇毒制剂在体内外的抗癌作用可能与蛇毒能调整多种抗氧化酶的活性,降低自由基的水平相关,另外眼镜蛇蛇毒因子可以通过免疫反应在细胞表面激活补体系统溶解肿瘤细胞,最近的研究还发现蛇毒制剂抑制肿瘤与其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有密切关系.     

Proteomics study of Southern Punjab Pakistani cobra (Naja naja: formerly Naja naja karachiensis) venom

Because of the potential of significant geographic variation in the compositions of snake venoms, much insight can be gained by examining individuals originating from diverse locations, and detailed characterization of any species can only be done by including animals from the entire range. Pakistani N. naja (formerly N. naja karachiensis) venom was decomplexed by applying diverse techniques and found a concoction of proteins (a total of 43 venomous proteins comprising 11 super families) from 6 to 200 kilodaltons in size. Among them three finger toxins (58%), phosphoplipses A₂ (19%), snake venom metalloproteinases (5%), l-amino acid oxidases (5%), helvepryns (3%), vespryns (2%), cobra venom factor (2%), 5′-nucleotidases (2%), venom nerve growth factor (2%), and Kunitz type serine protease inhibitor (2%) were included. It is the first report that this venom possesses significantly higher percentage of three finger toxins belonging to the cytotoxins (32% overall) and α‐neurotoxins (32% overall, predominately long chain neurotoxins, 24% overall) compared to N. naja from other geographic locations. Better understanding of intraspecific variations in venom can improve the development of location-specific anti-venoms. Furthermore, this pool of diverse toxins could potentially be a source of novel drug candidates for the treatment of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors mediated nervous disorders.     

白眉蝮蛇（Agkistrodon halys ussuriensis）蛇毒精氨酸酯酶对小鼠的生殖毒性及F1子代的影响

研究了白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中分离的纯精氨酸酯酶对小鼠的一般生殖毒性及对F1代小鼠的影响 .0 .36U/kg剂量使雄性F0 小鼠体重增长缓慢 ,并使睾丸系数增大 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但病理学检验睾丸和附睾正常 ;该剂量处理孕鼠 ,减轻了胎鼠和新生F1代小鼠的体重 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但对F0 雌性小鼠的生殖功能及F1代小鼠的一般体征、中枢神经系统发育及生殖机能均无影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) .纯精氨酸酯酶对小鼠生殖无毒剂量为 0 .18U/kg .表 2参 9     

中国沿海常见棘毒鱼类的毒性研究--光魟螫伤的调查研究

被棘毒鱼螫伤是渔业工作者中常见的职业病，本研究对中国沿海近４０个渔港，１０万余名渔民进行了调查研究，发现Ｈｏｎｇ类是我国沿海毒性最强的棘毒鱼，发病率为３％－９％。并且对光Ｈｏｎｇ的毒腺结构进行了进行了初步观察。并且提出了预防及治疗的方法。     

中国沿海常见棘毒鱼类的毒性研究：日本鬼背鳍棘中Ⅰ型毒腺细？…

皮光、电镜方法研究了日本鬼Ｙｏｕ背鳍棘中Ⅰ型毒腺细胞的形成过程。结果表明：位于背鳍棘两侧纵沟内的毒腺组织周围有较致密的结缔组织的鞘膜包绕，该鞘膜钝性剥离后可见内面光滑，有Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型型毒腺细胞的痕迹。而毒腺组织内下侧与毒棘的骨组织相连处结缔组织疏松，有许多小的梭形细胞；在梭形细胞之间及周围有新形成的幼稚腺细胞，其组织结构类似Ⅰ型毒腺细胞。透射电镜下可见该区域的结缔组织中除结缔组织的细胞及成分以外，有     

Inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on venom acetylcholinesterase

The venom of krait (Bungarus sindanus), an Elapidae snake, contains high level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The effect of arachidonic acid on krait (Bungarus sindanus) venom AChE (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) was studied using kinetic methods. This study evaluated for the first time whether arachidonic acid acts as potential AChE inhibitor of krait venom. Kinetic studies, using Line-Weaver Burk and Dixon plots, indicated that the inhibition produced by arachidonic acid was non-competitive, i.e., both k_m and V _max fell with increase in the concentration of arachidonic acid. The concentration of arachidonic acid required to inhibit 50% of enzymatic activity was found to be 1.9?µM while the inhibitory constant (K_i ) was 1.4?µM. The present results suggest that essential fatty acid (arachidonic acid) may also be used as an inhibitor of snake venom AChE.     

中国沿海常见棘毒鱼类的毒性研究——日本鬼鱼由螫伤的调查与研究

被棘毒鱼螫伤是我国渔业工作者中常见的职业病。本研究对中国沿海４０ 个渔港，１０ 万余名渔民进行了调查研究。发现日本鬼鱼由是我国沿海最常见的棘毒鱼之一，造成的危害最大，发病率在黄、渤海海域为２‰～３ ‰，东海海域为５‰～７ ‰，南海海域为６ ‰～８ ‰。用光、电镜方法对该棘毒鱼的毒腺结构进行了初步观察；用日本鬼鱼由毒腺粗提物肌肉注射大鼠的方法，对其螫伤的表现和发病机理进行了初步探讨。提出防治措施。     

The chelation of metal ions by the acylpolyamine toxins from the web-spider Nephilengys cruentata: effects in the intoxication/detoxification of preys

Summary. Orb-web-spiders present a series of different strategies for prey capture, involving the use of different types of silk for web building, the use of adhesive traps in the webs, the secretion of toxic compounds to the spider’s preys in the adhesive coating of the capture web and the biosynthesis of a wide range of structurally related acylpolyamine toxins in their venoms. The polyamine toxins usually block neuromuscular junctions and/or the central nervous system (CNS) of Arthropods, targeting specially the ionotropic glutamate receptors; this way these toxins are used are as chemical weapons to kill / paralyze the spider’s prey. Polyamine toxins contain many azamethylene groups involved with the chelation of metal ions, which in turn can interact with the glutamate receptors, affecting the toxicity of these toxins. It was demonstrated that the chelation of Ni⁺², Fe⁺², Pb⁺², Ca⁺² and Mg⁺² ions by the desalted crude venom of Nephilengys cruentata and by the synthetic toxin JSTX-3, did not cause any significant change in the toxicity of the acylpolyamine toxins to the model-prey insect (honeybees). However, it was also reported that the chelation of Zn⁺² ions by the acylpolyamines potentiated the lethal / paralytic action of these toxins to the honeybees, while the chelation of Cu⁺² ions caused the inverse effect. Atomic absorption spectrometry and Plasma-ICP analysis both of N. cruentata venom and honeybee’s hemolymph revealed that the spider’s venom concentrates Zn⁺² ions, while the honeybee’s hemolymph concentrates Cu⁺² ions. These results are suggesting that the natural accumulation of Zn⁺² ions in N. cruentata venom favors the prey catching and/or its maintenance in the web, while the natural accumulation of Cu⁺² ions in prey’s hemolymph minimizes the efficiency of the acylpolyamine toxins as killing/paralyzing tool.     

一套寄生蜂和寄主相互关系实验模型的建立

通过显微手术建立一套研究寄生蜂和寄主关系的实验模型，以寄主体重为指标，用该模型研究了来自寄生蜂的活性物质（多态ＤＮＡ病毒（ＰＤＶ），蜂毒，畸形细胞）和幼蜂本身对寄主生长发育的影响．结果表明，ＰＤＶ和蜂毒能够延迟寄主的生长，使之体色变淡，不能化蛹，但不足以模拟寄生现象；两者加上畸形细胞，可以显著抑制寄主的生长发育，使寄主表现出同被寄生一样的发育模式，最终因不能化蛹而衰竭死亡．这一结果说明，该模型能够有效地用于寄生蜂和寄主关系的研究中