SBR工艺处理维生素C废水试验研究

采用颗粒污泥和普通絮体污泥SBR反应器对维生素C生产废水进行可生化性对比试验研究，结果表明，在进水CODcr为400—1800mg／L，运行周期为8h，其中曝气时间为5．5h，换水比为80％的条件下，颗粒污泥反应器CODer去除率为75-90％，污泥浓度介于6．11～8．32g／L，污泥指数为20～40mL／g.     

三维电极法深度处理维生素生产废水

采用三维电极法对维生素废水进行深度处理,分别以钛涂钌铱板、铁板和不锈钢板作为电极阳极,石墨板作为电极阴极,柱状活性炭作为粒子电极,结果表明,当以钛涂钌铱板作为阳极,以粒径为1 mm的柱状活性炭作为粒子电极时电解效果最好,COD和色度去除率最高。实验选择电解电压、电极板间距、电解时间和初始pH值作为主要影响因素进行正交实验,实验研究证明,各因素的影响大小为电解电压>电极板间距>电解时间>初始pH值,得到的最佳参数组合分别为:电解电压为10 V,电极板间距为8 cm,电解时间为20 min,初始pH值为4,得到COD和色度最大去除率分别为59.5%和93.57%。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯诱导小鼠神经行为学改变及相关生理生化指标分析

探究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯诱导小鼠神经行为学改变及与细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK1/2)通路相关蛋白的关联.雄性KM小鼠36只,随机分成4组:生理盐水组、50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) DBP组、50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)维生素E(VE)组、DBP+VE组,连续灌胃处理28 d,观察Morris水迷宫结果,检测小鼠脑海马组织的氧化应激(活性氧(ROS)荧光强度、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)与丙二醛(MDA)含量)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、磷酸化cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(p-CREB)、caspase-3水平,Western blot分析ERK1/2及其磷酸化(p-ERK1/2)水平;HE、Nissl染色及Hoechst 33258荧光染色分析脑组织CA1区病理学变化.结果表明,与对照组比较,50 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) DBP组小鼠的学习记忆下降,氧化应激、p-ERK1/2、caspase-3水平上升,BDNF、p-CREB表达下降,差异均有统计学意义(p0.05,p0.01);海马组织CA1病理学损伤及凋亡程度增加.给予抗氧化剂VE处理后,DBP+VE组小鼠的学习记忆上升,氧化应激、p-ERK1/2、caspase-3水平降低,BDNF、p-CREB表达上升,差异均有统计学意义(p0.05);海马组织CA1病理学损伤及凋亡程度降低.由此推测,DBP暴露导致小鼠海马组织CA1病理学损伤、神经元凋亡程度增加、学习记忆下降、其神经行为学改变可以通过添加VE得到缓解,相关生理生化指标测试表明ERK系统应激氧化性损伤机制参与介导了毒理学过程.     

硫铁矿烧渣催化类Fenton法深度处理维生素C废水

采用硫铁矿烧渣协同Fe2+催化H2O2的类Fenton法深度处理维生素C制药废水,通过正交实验考察FeSO4投加量、H2O2投加量、搅拌反应时间、曝气时间等因素对低浓度难降解有机物去除的影响程度,并结合单因素实验确定最佳反应条件。结果表明:(1)正交实验中,各因素对催化氧化反应效果的影响程度依次为H2O2投加量搅拌反应时间曝气时间FeSO4投加量;(2)单因素实验中,最佳反应条件为烧渣投加量10g/L、H2O2投加量4.9mmol/L、FeSO4投加量3.9mmol/L、搅拌反应时间20min、曝气时间20min、絮凝沉淀部分聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量5mg/L。在此条件下,COD去除率最高达63.21%。     

维生素B_1制药废水的铁炭微电解-混凝预处理工艺

针对维生素B1制药废水高有机物浓度、高悬浮物、色度高、难降解的特点,采用铁炭微电解-混凝工艺对其进行预处理,效果良好。铁炭微电解-混凝工艺的最佳运行条件为:进水pH值为4,铁炭比为1∶1,曝气量为0.2m3/h的情况下停留时间80min。出水CODCr浓度平均为1600mg/L,去除率约为79%,色度去除率为85%,出水达到了(GB8978-1996)二级排放标准。     

采用络合萃取法从维生素B12发酵废液中回收丙酸

采用络合萃取法回收维生素B12发酵废液中的丙酸,确定了络合萃取的最佳工艺条件：以0．5mol／L的磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为络合剂,油水比(体积比)为1：2,常温下萃取30min。在最佳工艺条件下单级萃取率为56％左右,四级萃取率可达98％以上。络合萃取过程中使用的有机溶剂可反复使用,使成本大大降低。     

Evaluation of vitamin E and calcium effects on fluoride toxicity-induced fertility impairment

Chronic fluoride (Fl) toxicity is a serious public health problem globally where drinking water contains more than 1 ppm of Fl. Sodium fluoride (NaF) produced male reproductive system toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the amelioration of Fl toxicity-induced fertility impairment by vitamin E and calcium during the withdrawal period. The study was carried out on 70 adult male albino rats divided into five main groups: group I control; subdivided into group Ia (maintained on standard diet and water ad libitum for 60 days) and group Ib (maintained on standard diet and water ad libitum for 120 days), group II was administered NaF and subdivided into group IIa (administered NaF for 60 day and sacrificed) and group IIb (administered NaF for 60 day then maintained on standard diet and water ad libitum for a further 60 days), and treated groups III, IV, and V were administered NaF. Rats were maintained during withdrawal from NaF, on vitamin E (10 mg kg^?1 day^?1 for 60 days), calcium (50 mg kg^?1 day^?1 orally for 60 days), and both vitamin E and calcium, respectively. The duration of NaF administration was 60 days at a dose 20 mg kg^?1 day^?1 for all treated groups. The following parameters were determined: body and organ weights, sperm motility, sperm morphology, sperm viability, fertility test, and hormone assays: testosterone, in vitro testosterone production, luteinizing hormone, and follicular stimulating hormone. The combined administration of vitamin E and calcium during withdrawal from NaF showed significant improvement from chronic FL-induced toxicity on male reproductive organs.     

Biological effects of selenium and relationships with carcinogenesis†

Selenium is an element that is both essential, at low levels of dietary intake, and toxic, at high levels, to man and a wide range of animals. The purpose of the communication is to review the evidence for the involvement of hyper‐ and hypo‐selenosis in the aetiology of cancer. High levels of selenium intake have been blamed for an increase in cancer, dental caries and an array of other conditions. Critical evaluation of the evidence, however, leads to the conclusion that such claims have little substance. On the other hand, low levels of selenium intake may be associated with an increased incidence of certain forms of cancer and there appears to be an inverse relationship between blood selenium levels and cancer death rate in the United States. Keshan Disease, in the People's Republic of China has only been shown to occur in populations severely depleted of selenium. In well nourished populations there is no evidence to indicate that selenium supplements have any prophylactic or therapeutic benefit against human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease or cystic fibrosis.     

拟南芥VTE1过量表达可以增加维生素E含量和提高烟草植株耐盐行

维生素E在动物细胞内具有抗氧化等重要作用，但在植物体内的功能却鲜为人知．本实验利用CaMV 35S启动子与来源于拟南芥的编码生育酚环化酶（TC）的cDNA（VTE1）构建的嵌合表达载体，以根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化烟草W38．实验结果表明，具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株经RT-PCR检测，得到了与阳性对照一致的495bp的目标片段；转基因植株的VE含量比对照植株高2倍左右，个别株系高达11倍．实验还发现，在耐盐性实验中转基因植株对盐的抗性明显高于野生型烟草；同时，在不同盐浓度（150、250mmoL／L）胁迫下转基因植株VE含量比未转化植株增加了1．3～1．8倍，首次证明VTE1与植物耐盐性之间的关系．     

SBR工艺处理维生素C废水试验研究

采用颗粒污泥和普通絮体污泥SBR反应器对维生素C生产废水进行可生化性对比试验研究,结果表明,在进水CODcr为400~1800mg/L,运行周期为8h,其中曝气时间为5.5h,换水比为80%的条件下,颗粒污泥反应器CODcr去除率为75~90%,污泥浓度介于6.11-8.32g/L,污泥指数为20~40mL/g。