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Payments for Environmental Services in Latin America as a Tool for Restoration and Rural Development
Payments for Environmental Services (PES) can encourage projects that enhance restoration, production, and rural development.
When projects promote differentiated systems by paying farmers for the provision of services, the application of PES requires
evaluation of the environmental services provided by each system. We present evaluations of carbon stocks and biodiversity
in pure and mixed native tree plantations in Costa Rica. To illustrate how monetary values can be assigned, we discuss a project
that awarded PES to silvopastoral systems in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Colombia based on carbon stocks and biodiversity.
PES can promote positive environmental attitudes in farmers. Currently this project is being scaled up in Colombia based on
their positive experiences with PES as a tool to promote adoption. Compared to PES systems that include only one environmental
service, systems that incorporate bundling or layering of multiple services can make sustainable land uses more attractive
to farmers and reduce perverse incentives. 相似文献
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