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水胺硫磷降解优势菌的筛选及其降解条件的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文从已驯化好的活性污泥菌是悬液中分离筛选出水胺硫磷的降解优势菌,并对其降解条件进行了实验研究,当温度为25℃,PH为6.5~7.5,水胺硫磷进水浓度135mg/L,停留时间为12h,在供氧条件下,水胺硫磷降解率可达72.3%,而混合菌在最佳条件下,其水胺硫磷降解率为55.8%,本文还要菌种进行了鉴定。 相似文献
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分别采用《城市污水处理厂污泥检验方法》(CJ/T221—2005)中平皿计数法和多管发酵法检测分析呼和浩特市周边7个城镇污水处理厂、2个制药企业以及2个乳制品企业污泥中的细菌总教和粪大肠菌群茵值。结果显示:供试样品的细菌总数为1.0×10^6~1.3×10^8个/g,其中细菌含量最高的是乳制品企业l污泥样品,最低的是污水处理厂4污泥样品。粪大肠菌群菌值为2.0×10^5-5.4×10^8个/g,其中粪大肠茵群菌值最高的是污水处理厂2和污水处理厂5污泥样品,最低的是污水处理厂4和制药企业1污泥样品,乳制品企业污泥样品的粪大肠菌群茵值居中。 相似文献
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Huan Zhong 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(3):981-986
This study compared the relative importance of three types of sorption (organic matter-particle, mercury-organic matter and mercury-particle) in controlling the overall mercury partitioning and bioavailability in sediments. We found that all three types of sorption were important for both inorganic mercury (Hg) and methylated mercury (MeHg). Mercury-particle sorption was more important than mercury-fulvic acid (FA) sorption in increasing the mercury concentrations with increasing aging. Bioavailability (quantified by gut juice extraction from sipunculans) was mainly controlled by mercury-particle sorption, while FA-particle and mercury-FA sorption were not as important, especially for MeHg. Bacterial activity also increased the partitioning of Hg or MeHg in the sediments and was further facilitated by the presence of organic matter. The bioavailability of Hg or MeHg from sediments was only slightly influenced by bacterial activity. This study highlights the importance of sorption from various sources (especially mercury-particle sorption) as well as bacteria in controlling the partitioning and bioavailability of Hg or MeHg in sediments. 相似文献
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Valme Jurado Angel Fernandez-Cortes Soledad Cuezva Leonila Laiz Juan Carlos Cañaveras Sergio Sanchez-Moral Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(9):1027-1034
The conservation of rock-art paintings in European caves is a matter of increasing interest. This derives from the bacterial
colonisation of Altamira Cave, Spain and the recent fungal outbreak of Lascaux Cave, France—both included in the UNESCO World
Heritage List. Here, we show direct evidence of a fungal colonisation of rock tablets in a testing system exposed in Altamira
Cave. After 2 months, the tablets, previously sterilised, were heavily colonised by fungi and bacteria. Most fungi isolated
were labelled as entomopathogens, while the bacteria were those regularly identified in the cave. Rock colonisation was probably
promoted by the dissolved organic carbon supplied with the dripping and condensation waters and favoured by the displacement
of aerosols towards the interior of the cave, which contributed to the dissemination of microorganisms. The role of arthropods
in the dispersal of spores may also help in understanding fungal colonisation. This study evidences the fragility of rock-art
caves and demonstrates that microorganisms can easily colonise bare rocks and materials introduced into the cavity. 相似文献
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Bacteria transport and deposition under unsaturated conditions: the role of the matrix grain size and the bacteria surface protein 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gargiulo G Bradford S Simůnek J Ustohal P Vereecken H Klumpp E 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,92(3-4):255-273
Unsaturated (80% water saturated) packed column experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of grain size distribution and bacteria surface macromolecules on bacteria (Rhodococcus rhodochrous) transport and deposition mechanisms. Three sizes of silica sands were used in these transport experiments, and their median grain sizes were 607, 567, and 330 microm. The amount of retained bacteria increased with decreasing sand size, and most of the deposited bacteria were found adjacent to the column inlet. The deposition profiles were not consistent with predictions based on classical filtration theory. The experimental data could be accurately characterized using a mathematical model that accounted for first-order attachment, detachment, and time and depth-dependent straining processes. Visual observations of the bacteria deposition as well as mathematical modelling indicated that straining was the dominant mechanism of deposition in these sands (78-99.6% of the deposited bacteria), which may have been enhanced due to the tendency of this bacterium to form aggregates. An additional unsaturated experiment was conducted to better deduce the role of bacteria surface macromolecules on attachment and straining processes. In this case, the bacteria surface was treated using a proteolitic enzyme. This technique was assessed by examining the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and hydrophobicity of untreated and enzyme treated cells. Both of these analytical procedures demonstrated that this enzymatic treatment removed the surface proteins and/or associated macromolecules. Transport and modelling studies conducted with the enzyme treated bacteria, revealed a decrease in attachment, but that straining was not significantly affected by this treatment. 相似文献
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The microbiological contamination of waterways by pathogenic microbes has been, and is still, a persistent public safety concern
in the United States and in most countries of the world. As most enteric pathogens are transmitted through the fecal–oral
route, fecal pollution is generally regarded as the major contributor of pathogens to waterways. Fecal pollution of waterways
can originate from wastewater treatment facilities, septic tanks, domestic- and wild-animal feces, and pets. Because enteric
pathogens are derived from human or animal sources, techniques capable of identifying and apportioning fecal sources have
been intensively investigated for use in remediation efforts and to satisfy regulatory concerns. Pollution of human origin
is of the most concern, since human feces is more likely to contain human-specific enteric pathogens. Fecal indicator bacteria
have been used successfully as the primary tool for microbiologically based risk assessment. However measurement of fecal
indicator bacteria does not define what pathogens are present, or define the sources of these bacteria. Microbial source tracking
(MST) methods that have the ability to differentiate among sources of fecal pollution are currently under development. These
methods will ultimately be useful for risk assessment purposes and to aid regulatory agencies in developing strategies to
remediate microbiologically impaired waterways. 相似文献
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Biosensors for sensitive and specific detection of foodborne and waterborne pathogens are particularly valued for their portability, usability, relatively low cost, and real-time or near real-time response. Their application is widespread in several domains, including environmental monitoring. The main limitation of currently developed biosensors is a lack of sensitivity and specificity in complex matrices. Due to increased interest in biosensor development, we conducted a systematic review, com... 相似文献