基于微电极的生物膜分析技术的研究进展

文章介绍了一类尖端直径为1μm～20μm的吸管型电化学传感器-微电极.由于其具有的较高空间分辨率,可用于废水生物处理反应器中生物膜及生物絮体内部等微环境的测试.综述了近年来微电极在生物膜微环境测试中的应用成果,并与一些其他的生物膜分析技术进行比较.探讨了微电极技术用于环境工程领域的发展前景和趋势.     

Occupational exposure assessment of phthalate esters in indoor and outdoor microenvironments

Phthalate esters(PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers in consumer products. PAEs are a group of environmental hormone which disrupts human and animals' endocrine systems. Different occupational groups are exposed to various levels of PAEs. In the present study, four typical occupational groups were chosen, including doctors, college teachers, college students, and drivers who worked in public traffic system. In order to understand the exposure levels to PAEs via inhalation, air samples were collected from multiple microenvironments including indoor and outdoor in Hangzhou to measure the gas and particle concentrations of six PAEs, together with time spent in different microenvironments of these four groups. A comprehensive PAEs exposure model was built to estimate the daily PAEs exposure through inhalation, oral and dermal pathways. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that doctors were exposed to the highest level of PAEs, and consequently had the highest health risk among these four occupational groups. In contrast, college students had the lowest health risk. By setting the exposure level of staying in residences as the baseline, doctors and drivers were two occupations exposed to high PAEs health risk. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) was the largest contributor among the six phthalates, posing moderate health risk(10-5–10-6) to every occupation. For traffic microenvironments alone, the total exposure levels for different transportation modes were in the descending order of busses, cars, cabs, tubes, motor bikes, and walking.     

Effects of vermiculite on the growth process of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis and sediment microecological environment

Ecological restoration is one of the hot technologies for the reconstruction of eutrophic lake ecosystems in which the restoration and propagation of submerged plants is the key and difficult step. In this paper, the effect of vermiculite on the growth process of Vallisneria spiralis and sediment microenvironment were investigated, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the application of vermiculite in aquatic ecological restoration. Results of growth indexes demonstrated that 5% and 10% vermiculite treatment groups statistically promote the growth of Vallisneria spiralis compared to the control. Meanwhile, the results of ecophysiological indexes showed that photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity of 5% and 10% group were increased compared with the control while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content exhibited the opposite result (p < 0.05), which illustrated that vermiculite can improve the resistance of plants and delay the aging process of Vallisneria spiralis. In addition, result of PCA (Principal Component Analysis) demonstrated 5% and 10% group has improved the sediment physical conditions and create more ecological niche for microorganisms directly, and then promoted the growth of plants. The dissolution results showed that vermiculite can dissolve the constant and trace elements needed for plant growth. Furthermore, the addition of vermiculite increased the diversity of microorganisms in the sediments, and promoted the increase of plant growth-promoting bacteria and phosphorus-degrading bacteria. This study could provide a technique reference for the further application of vermiculite in the field of ecological restoration.     

汽车内微环境空气污染的初步探究

为了研究车内的污染水平,在2004-04-10至2004-06-20对车内空气进行了采样和分析.对车龄在2年内的91种型号轿车的车内微环境进行了静态检测,有效检测车辆共计802辆,同时对比检测20辆2002年以前出厂的旧车.检测项目包括甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和CO等.参照国家室内空气质量标准,新车中甲苯浓度超标率达82%,苯和甲醛浓度的超标率分别为75%和24%.在被检测车辆中,甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯浓度均是新车比旧车高,只有CO浓度是旧车比新车高.初步分析判断苯系物主要来源于车内的胶粘剂,甲醛来自于车椅座套和座垫等,CO来源于发动机排放残留.     

同时硝化与反硝化研究进展

同时硝化和反硝化工艺同传统的生物脱氮工艺相比，可以节约氧和碳源的耗量，大大降低设备运行费用，具有很大的发展前途。结合国内外研究，主要从生物、生物化学角度和微环境理论方面进行综述。对一些同时硝化反硝化新工艺进行了介绍。     

低氧条件下同时硝化和反硝化机理初探

采用人工配水 ,对低氧条件下完全混合系统中氮的去除进行了研究。实验结果表明 ,在低氧条件下 (DO为 0 .3～0 .8mg/L )完全混合系统的同时硝化和反硝化具有一定的可行性。在泥龄为 45 d,C/N比为 10∶ 1,F/M为 0 .1g CODCr/(g ML SS·d)条件下 ,总氮的去除率达 66.7%。经分析 ,本实验发生的硝化反应仍然是自养硝化菌的好氧硝化 ,同时硝化和反硝化现象应归因于微环境理论