一种三元复合型细水雾洗消氯气的性能及机理研究

采用由亚铁（Fe^2＋）盐、表面活性剂（OP）和清水组成的三元复合型洗消剂对液氯泄漏进行模拟洗消实验研究,其洗消效率比清水细水雾有显著提高。通过对比实验考察了添加剂的浓度和洗消时间对其洗消效率的影响,并对雾滴粒径进行了测量。研究结果表明洗消剂中各成分之间的物理化学耦合作用提高了含添加剂的细水雾的洗消效率,表面活性剂组分可以降低溶液的表面张力,减小雾滴粒径,增大细水雾与氯气的接触面积;而亚铁盐组分则可以与氯气发生化学反应,将强氧化性的Cl2完全转变为较稳定的Cl-,增强洗消剂的化学洗消作用,且洗消效果更加彻底。     

Degradation of phenol in mists by a non-thermal plasma reactor

A link tooth wheel-cylinder non-thermal plasma reactor was set up to investigate the degradation of phenol in the mists. In addition, the decomposition efficiency of phenol, TOC removal, and byproduct formation were investigated. The stable discharge was achieved in both air and the mist condition. The decomposition efficiency and TOC removal increased with increasing the input power. For the input power of 3.6 W, the phenol decomposition and TOC removal reached 90% and 47%, respectively. Phenol degradation byproducts were identified as small molecular organic acids, including formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid. Their masses in the trapped solutions first increased and then decreased slightly with increasing the input power. Therefore, the biodegradation capacity of the phenol degradation byproducts can be improved.     

Improved electrospray design for aerosol generation and flame propagation analysis

Although the hazards of aerosol fires and explosions have been studied for decades the data for aerosol flame propagation is still scarce. Additionally there is a lack of standard techniques and measurement apparatus, which impedes the development of optimal aerosol hazard mitigation measures. The focus of this study is development of an improved aerosol electrospray device for the generation of high quality aerosol data. The goal is achieved through higher nozzle packing, precise nozzle and mesh hole alignment and adding two ground meshes. In addition to a flat ground mesh, the utilization of a cylindrical ground mesh demonstrated improved confinement and guidance of droplets. Duratherm 600, heat transfer fluid, was examined to demonstrate the modified electrospray device capabilities as compared to previous design. Results show the modified electrospray can produce more uniform droplets, more even test chamber dispersion, smaller droplet size and higher concentration aerosol, which is essential to study aerosol flame propagation. Accordingly, the results of aerosol flame speed tests for the improved design were more reproducible. Moreover, it was found that a traditional propane pilot flame was unable to ignite the smaller aerosol droplet size due to the strong turbulence generated by the open flame. However, by careful modification of the pilot flame length, the turbulence decreased dramatically and the small droplet size aerosol can be tested.     

A sneak peek into the phenomenology of fuel mist explosions: The key role of vapor fractions

The modern world depends greatly on hydrocarbons, which are ubiquitous, indispensable fuels used in nearly every existing industry. Although important, their use may trigger dangerous incidents, whether in their production, handling, storage, or transporting phase, especially when aerosolized. In light of proposing a standard procedure to assess the flammability and explosivity of fuel mists, a new test method was established based on the EN 14034 standards series. For the previous purposes, a gravity-fed mist generation system was designed and employed in a modified 20 L explosion vessel. This test method allowed the determination of the ignition sensitivity of several fuels. In addition, their explosion severity was represented by the explosion overpressure P_ex, and the rate of pressure rise dP/dt_ex, two thermo-kinetic parameters determined with a specifically developed control system and custom software. Nonetheless, a noticeable difference in the ignition sensitivity and the explosion severity was perceived when changing suppliers or petroleum cuts of some fuels. Moreover, sensitivity studies showed that both the droplet size distribution and the temperature of the droplets play a significant role in fuel mist explosion. These parameters can be directly related to the vapor fraction surrounding a droplet during its ignition. Consequently, this study focuses on the influence of varying the composition of three well-known and abundantly used fuels. Different petroleum cuts were introduced in different fractions into isooctane, Jet A1 aviation fuel, and diesel fuel mixtures, which were then aerosolized into a uniformly distributed turbulent mist cloud and ignited using spark ignitors of 100 J. Subsequently, complementary tests were executed in a vertical flame propagation tube coupled with a high-speed video camera allowing the visualization of the flame and the determination of the spatial flame velocity, and a tentative estimation of the laminar burning velocity. The latter was also estimated from the pressure-time evolution in the 20 L sphere using existing correlations. Indeed, the determination of the laminar burning velocity can be useful in modeling such accidents. Finally, highlighting the essential role of the mist and vapor fraction during their ignition has led to a better understanding of their explosion mechanisms.     

Experimental investigation of limiting oxygen concentration of hybrid mixtures

An investigation into the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) of fifteen combustible dusts and methane, ethanol and isopropanol hybrid mixtures in the standard 20 L explosion chamber was performed. Three ignition energies (10 J, 2 kJ and 10 kJ) were used. The results show that a 10 J electrical spark ignition leads to significantly higher limiting oxygen concentration values than either 2 kJ or 10 kJ pyrotechnic igniters. This could be due to the “overdriving” effect of the chemical igniters, which produce a hot flame that virtually covers the entire explosion chamber during combustion. With respect to hybrid mixture investigation, the 20 L sphere was modified to allow the input of methane gas and flammable solvents. The limiting oxygen concentrations of the hybrid mixtures were found to be considerably lower than those of dust air mixtures when the relatively weaker spark igniter was used. There was no significant change in limiting oxygen concentration when the higher energy chemical igniters were used.     

过滤捕集法去除盐酸雾中试研究

含HCl浓度小于350mg／Nm^3的盐酸雾气体，经洗涤水洗涤后再进行过滤捕集处理，出口气体中HCl浓度不大于6．40mg／m^3，去除率大于95％。     

细水雾抑制熄灭K类火有效性的实验研究

本文通过全尺寸模拟实验研究了细水雾与K类火的相互作用，利用LDV／APV激光多普勒分析仪对细水雾特性进行了测量，分析了细水雾的粒径、速度及雾动量对灭火有效性的影响规律。分别改变喷头类型、工作压力、喷头与火源的垂直距离及喷射角度进行多种工况的灭火实验，结果表明，细水雾的灭火有效性随着压力的增大得到明显提高，喷头的雾化性能直接影响着细水雾的灭火有效性，同时喷射角度及喷射距离也影响着细水雾的灭火有效性。本文为细水雾灭火技术用于厨房环境的火灾防护提供了科学的参考依据和必要的设计参数。     

艾比湖生态环境治理措施

新疆准噶尔盆地艾比湖流域属典型的风沙地貌聚集区,近50年来由于湖域面积不断减少,植被逐渐衰亡,在阿拉山口大风的作用下,艾比湖流域已经成为新疆沙尘暴的策源地之一,综合治理刻不容缓。流域水量逐年减少、植被大面积衰亡和阿拉山口的大风是导致艾比湖流域环境恶化的主要原因。利用风力布水,辅以植物纤维网覆盖为核心的生物综合治理方案,其可行性分析表明:该方法对逐步恢复艾比湖流域的生态有较好的应用价值,同时该技术还可以推广至湿地恢复和沙漠化治理当中。     

Uncovering results in electro-scrubbing process toward green methodology during environmental air pollutants removal

Present findings uncovered the electro-scrubbing process as a green methodology. This green methodology was assessed by an analysis of electrode dissolution into an electrolyte and acid fumes emission to the atmosphere. As an initial experiment oxidation effect of Co(II) by PbO₂ electrode revealed an enhanced oxidation efficiency of ∼20% compared to a Pt-coated Ti electrode. The mist concentration from the first scrubber test was approximately 30 times lower than that of the indoor air particles. In addition, molar mass of Co(II) and SEM analyses revealed no Co(II) or PbO₂ from the first scrubber. An analysis of the second scrubber showed no Co(II), PbO₂ or pH changes during a 24 h study confirming that no sulphuric acid escaped from the first scrubber or mediator containing electrolyte solution. This electro-scrubbing process was applied to the air pollutants removal process, in which a definite ratio between Co(III) and odor gases at given concentrations were identified. These results show that this electro-scrubber can maintain its initial concentration of Co(II) and H₂SO₄ by just adding water, and is become a highly sustainable and green methodology system without a loss of H₂SO₄ and Co catalysts to the environment.     

爆震雾化射流用于灭火的可行性研究

脉冲细水雾灭火技术在国内外已获得成功应用 ,为进一步提高其灭火效果和简化装备 ,笔者提出了一种基于爆炸推进原理的爆震雾化射流发生装置 ,对其工作原理、动力特性进行了分析。理论分析与初步实验结果表明 ,爆震流体动力源可获得极高的能量密度和输出功率 ,爆震雾化射流具有直流水与雾状水的双重灭火性能 ,其灭火机理是脉冲雾化水的强水力冲击、高效冷却、隔氧阻燃、吸收热辐射及火焰拉伸的共同作用 ,该技术适于开发高效、清洁的便携式个人消防装备