实验性糖尿病新西兰兔主要器官组织的病理学观察

将雄性新西兰兔随机分为:基础饲料组(即对照组:n=15)和高糖高脂饲料组(即实验组:n=15,喂食10％猪油,37％白蔗糖混合53％的基础饲料).共观察12周.于12周实验结束时,全部处死动物,取动物心脏、肝脏、胰腺、肾脏,用1O％福尔马林液固定,常规石蜡包埋切片,H、E染色,光学显微镜下观察并照相.结果表明:动物心肌细胞肥大,并出现灶性坏死,淋巴细胞浸润,心肌细胞间成纤维细胞增生和毛细血管增生,胶原纤维增加;肝细胞有明显脂肪变性,细胞肿胀;肾脏表现有肾小球球囊增大,细胞增多,毛细血管壁增厚,肾小管上皮细胞胞体增大;胰腺组织表现为胰岛分布稀疏,数量减少,胰岛萎缩,胰岛细胞数量减少,成纤维细胞增生.     

迭鞘石斛多糖降血糖作用研究

研究了迭鞘石斛多糖对动物血糖的调节作用.采用尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶造成高血糖动物模型,按高剂量(300mg/kg)、中剂量(100 mg/kg)和低剂量(30 mg/kg)的迭鞘石斛多糖分别灌胃给药,同时设阳性对照组和阴性对照组,测定血糖水平.结果表明,迭鞘石斛多糖能显著降低四氧嘧啶高血糖小鼠空腹血糖,增强四氧嘧啶高血糖大鼠的糖耐量,而对正常小鼠空腹血糖和正常大鼠糖耐量没有明显影响.研究表明,迭鞘石斛多糖具有明显的降血糖作用,是一种值得开发利用的降糖植物多糖.表6参10     

糖尿病小型猪心肌、肝脏组织结构变化和心肌VEGF表达

以探讨高糖高脂高胆固醇饲料诱发的糖尿病广西巴马小型猪心肌和肝脏组织结构变化、肝糖原分解和心肌血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达情况为目的.通过3月龄雄性广西巴马小型猪10只,随机分2组,5只饲以基础饲料为CD组;5只饲以高糖高脂饲料为HFSCD组,饲养时间5个月.每月末从禁食过夜的小型猪眶静脉窦抽取血样,葡萄糖氧化酶法检测空腹血糖(Glucose);GPO-PAP酶法测定血浆甘油三脂(triglyceride,TG);放射免疫法测血浆胰岛素.第5个月末股动脉放血处死小型猪,取1小块心肌和肝脏组织,固定于10%中性甲醛固定液,常规石蜡包埋、切片、制片后用光学显微镜进行观察的方法.结果HFSCD组血糖、甘油三酯和胰岛素水平升高.与CD组比较,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05).从肝脏病理切片观察所见,HFSCD组肝脏肝细胞索排列紊乱,肝细胞肿胀呈气球样变,亦可见肝细胞萎缩、坏死,脂肪变性明显,肝小叶间有单个核细胞浸润,肝糖原极少或消失.心肌组织中VEGF的蛋白表达显著增加,且表达范围广泛.得出高糖高脂高胆固醇饲料诱发的糖尿病广西巴马小型猪肝脏和心肌组织结构改变,肝糖原减少,心肌VEGF蛋白表达增加的结论.图5,参13.     

Association of serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances with gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum blood glucose

This study was conducted to examine the association of perfluoroalkyl substance(PFAS)exposure with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) risk and postpartum fasting blood glucose.We used a 1:2 matched case–control study with 84 GDM subjects and 168 healthy pregnant women from Beijing, China. The maternal blood was collected at 1–2 days before delivery, and eight linear isomers and fourteen branched isomers were determined in maternal serum.Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations after adjusting for potential confounders. The median of the sum of levels of total PFASs was 4.24 ng/m L with a interquartile range(IQR) of 2.82–6.54 ng/m L. Although maternal PFAS exposure was not associated with risk of GDM, significant positive associations were observed between evaluated exposure to specific PFAS congeners and increasing blood glucose. The odds ratio(ORs) of the highest category of postpartum fasting blood glucose for perfluoro-1-metylheptylsulfonat(1 m-PFOS), perfluoro-3/4-metylheptylsulfonat(3 m+4 m-PFOS), perfluoro-5-metylheptylsulfonat(5 m-PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate(PFHx S) were 2.03(95% CI: 1.09–3.77), 1.93(95% CI:1.04–3.58), 2.48(95% CI: 1.33–4.65), and 2.26(95% CI: 1.21–4.21), respectively, suggesting negative effects of maternal exposure to specific PFAS compounds on glucose metabolism.     

Antidiabetic effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder in a rat model

Free radical production and oxidative stress are known to increase in liver during diabetes and may contribute to oxidative damage. In this study, the effect of oral feeding of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder (TSP) has been studied on blood glucose, membrane-linked ATPases, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, lipofuscin content and membrane fluidity in livers of a diabetic rat. Diabetes was induced by administration of alloxan monohydrate. Hyperglycemia during diabetes has been shown to entail free radical generation, with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin content, inhibition of membrane-linked ATPases, increased antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased membrane fluidity. TSP treatment reverses the changes to near normal levels thereby ameliorating the management of diabetic complications.