地下开采对地表的破坏与防治

介绍了由于地下开采而引起的沉陷对环境的破坏，包括连续下沉的移动盆地、非连续下沉的塌陷坑等。同时还介绍了对留设保护矿柱、充填采空区等预防措施。对塌陷区和裂缝的治理、复地造田等方法进行了探讨。     

尖点突变模型在研究洪水引起环境突变中的应用

以1998年霍林河特大洪水为例，在进行洪水对环境影响作用分析的基础上，将洪水发生的危险系数、地面高程、地形坡度、降雨影响程度、土地盐碱率和草地开垦率6个控制变量划分为两个主分量。由于洪水引起的环境突变可以归纳为一种耦合突变，我们采用尖点突变模型进行求解，得出各主分量的数学表达式和水环境突变区域边界，绘制了该流域环境突变分区图，论证了应用尖点突变模型研究环境突变的合理性。     

一个耐受镉毒害的拟南芥突变体的筛选

从甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变获得的拟南芥M2代群体(Columbia型)中筛选获得一个耐受镉Cd2 毒害能力显著增强的拟南芥突变体(命名为cdr1-1).遗传分析表明,该突变性状为隐性单基因突变,与野生型相比,cdr1-1突变体在不同发育时期均能耐受Cd2 毒害,且其对Cd2 的积累能力也显著高于野生型.此外,还发现cdr1-1突变体体内的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平显著高于野生型,用GSH合成抑制剂丁硫氨酸亚矾胺处理cdr1-1突变体,导致其耐受Cd2 毒害能力显著下降,几乎接近野生型水平,表明cdr1-1突变体对Cd2 的耐受性至少部分依赖于GSH介导的途径.     

复合诱变菌处理氨氮废水

采用诱变技术对微生物菌种进行了诱变处理，分别研究了紫外线诱变菌、硫酸二乙酯（DES）诱变菌和复合诱变菌对含氨废水的降解性能。结果表明，复合诱变后获得的变异菌株Z5对含氨废水中NH4^ -N的去除率比单独采用紫外线或DES诱变后获得的菌株有明显的提高。混合菌种对化肥行业废水中COD的NH4^ -N的去除率可以达到95%～98%，出水能达到行业一级排放标准。     

Prenatal diagnosis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in a family with a previous fatal case of sudden unexpected death in childhood

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is a potentially fatal inherited disease with a carrier frequency of approximately 1:100 in most Caucasian populations. The disease is implicated in sudden unexpected death in childhood. A prevalent disease-causing point mutation (A985G) in the MCAD gene has been characterized, thus rendering diagnosis easy in the majority of cases. Since the clinical spectrum of MCAD deficiency ranges from death in the first days of life to an asymptomatic life, there are probably other genetic factors—in addition to MCAD mutations—involved in the expression of the disease. Thus, families who have experienced the death of a child from MCAD deficiency might have an increased risk of a seriously affected subsequent child. In such a family we have therefore performed a prenatal diagnosis on a chorionic villus sample by a highly specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the G985 mutation. The analysis was positive and resulted in abortion. We verified the diagnosis by direct analysis on blood spots and other tissue material from the aborted fetus and from family members.     

Effects of mid-trimester induced abortion on the subsequent pregnancy

The outcome of the pregnancy following (a) a mid-trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) for fetal neural tube defect (NTD) (77 women=group 1); (b) mid-trimester TOP for fetal Down's syndrome (13 women=group 2); (c) delivery of a baby with NTD (119 women=group 3) was studied. The prenatal fetal loss was relatively high in all groups. In group 1 it was similar to that found in other studies after first trimester TOP, in group 2 it was associated with advanced maternal age and the unexpected finding in group 3 was not attributable to advanced maternal age. It is suggested that a previous NTD per se might increase the risk of fetal loss in the next pregnancy. A previous mid-trimester TOP for NTD was not associated with an increase in premature labour, small for dates babies or congenital abnormality in the next pregnancy, but there was a slight increase in the number of babies weighing less than 2500 g.     

新疆南疆部分地面饮用水的致突变性研究

饮用水的致突变性和潜在致癌危害是环境科学研究的重要内容,新疆南疆地区,除少数城市居民饮用自来水外,绝大多数农垦、牧区均以当地的河水、泉水和涝坝水等地面水为主要的饮用水源。为了解这些饮用水的致突变和潜在致癌危害,我们特在枯水季节,从具有代表性的塔什库尔干县某地的泉水(下称泉水)、河水(下称河水)、疏勒县城的深井     

事物安全演化过程的基本理论研究

安全状态的演化过程是事物发展变化过程的重要组成部分.事物的安全演化过程符合从量变到质变的原理,即服从"安全流变-突变"规律.基于事物"安全流变-突变"规律,建立理论模型,并分析和描述事物的安全演化过程.事物"安全流变-突变"规律的研究为揭示事物的安全本质规律奠定了基础.     

飞行器环境适应性设计方法研究与实践

目的针对飞行器环境适应性设计不足的现状提出对策。方法分析飞行器环境适应性设计的特点和当前存在的不足,以某电气设备为对象开展应用研究。结果提出环境适应性设计工作内容、工作流程、设计原则和技术手段等方面的对策。环境适应性设计应采用环境仿真和验证试验相结合的手段,并逐步形成环境适应性设计准则。结论飞行器环境适应性设计应采用系统工程的思路,覆盖产品层级、环境因素和研制阶段。技术手段方面应大力推进环境仿真研究和应用,建立产品环境适应性设计规范。