Development of competitive immunoassays to hydroxyl containing fungicide metabolites

This paper describes the isolation of monoclonal antibodies and the development of competitive immunoassays to pesticide metabolites of the fungicides imazalil, carbendazim and thiabendazole. The metabolite specific hydroxyl residues were used as the reactive group with which to link the metabolite to the carrier proteins Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin (KLH) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). In each case immune responses in mice were raised and monoclonal antibodies were produced. Antibodies were developed into competitive ELISAs to the appropriate metabolite. The antibody raised to a metabolite of imazalil was optimised into a competitive ELISA format which had an assay IC50 of 7.5 μg/L and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.1 μg/L. A single antibody isolated against the metabolite of carbendazim had assay IC50s of 3.2 and 2.7 μg/L for the metabolites of carbendazim and thiabendazole respectively with an LOD of 0.38 μg/L for both. These sensitive immunoassays may have application in the monitoring of human exposure to these fungicide residues either by occupational or non-occupational routes.     

Simultaneous analysis of thiabendazole,carbendazim and 2-aminobenzimidazole in concentrated fruit juices by liquid chromatography after a single mix-mode solid-phase extraction cleanup

A method using liquid chromatography and a single mix-mode solid-phase extraction cleanup for the simultaneous analysis of thiabendazole [2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazole], carbendazim [(methyl N-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-carbamate)] and 2-aminobenzimidazole (1H-benzimidazol-2-amine) in concentrated fruit juices is described. The three fungicides were isolated from the samples and concentrated by solid-phase extraction on Oasis MCX cartridges. The determination was performed by liquid chromatography with a diode array, detecting at 288 nm. In this method, the average recoveries from blank control juice samples spiked in a concentration range of 0.01–0.10 mg/kg were in the range of 81–95%, with relative standard deviations below 8%. Detection limits and limits of quantification were 4 μ g/kg and 10 μ g/kg, respectively, for each fungicide. Real juice samples were analyzed by the proposed method. The results were compared to those from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.     

Teratologic assessment of maleic hydrazide and daminozide,and formulations of ethoxyquin,thiabendazole and naled in rats

Abstract

Teratogenicity studies were conducted in rats treated orally from days 6–15 of gestation with single daily doses of 400–1600 mg/kg of maleic hydrazide, 300–1000 mg/kg daminozide, 125–500 mg/kg ethoxyquin or thiabendazole, or 25–100 mg/kg naled. Dams were killed on the 22nd day of gestation, and fetuses were evaluated by routine teratologic methods. No adverse effect was related to any treatment other than an increased incidence of anomalous fetuses at the highest dose (500 mg/kg) of thiabendazole.