砷、汞对植物毒性影响及其迁移富集效应探讨

介绍了自然环境中砷、汞的污染来源与污染现状,探讨了砷、汞对植物生长发育、光合作用和抗氧化能力的影响;为了缓解砷、汞对植物的毒害作用,可以添加新一代植物激素、营养元素和改良剂。分析发现,植物对不同浓度砷和汞的敏感程度并不相同,可利用特定植物的富集作用进行环境修复。当前研究主要集中于植物对砷、汞的吸收和转运生理机制,今后还需要加强对超积累植物分子基础的探索。     

梅梁湖的富营养化状况及治理对策讨论

监测结果表明，梅梁湖水体ＴＰ，ＴＮ含量分别为０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ和３．４ｍｇ／Ｌ藻类生物量达９－１３亿个细胞／Ｌ，富营养化相当严重，污染的主要原因，工农业，渔业，畜牧业和生活污水的直接排放，使水全营养盐含量较高，藻类大量繁殖，可采用“控源截汛”，“清除淤泥”，“调水搞活”及生物治理等综合性措施，对梅梁湖的富营养化进行了治理。     

城市电磁辐射污染评价─—功率密度传播模型

通过厦门和漳州两城市电磁辐射测试研究，给出城市电磁辐射功率密度传播模型。提出按传播模型，取少量测试点实测数据，用“三点逐进估算法”计算，得出整个城市人口暴露评价的方法。     

环境承载力与环境扶贫

随着人类环境意识的觉醒与升华，引发了对自身生存环境的更深层次的思考。本文就环境承载力的内涵与外延以及它既会造成贫困又可解脱贫困的关键作用进行了研究和探讨。     

The adaptive significance of male polymorphism in the acarid mite Caloglyphus berlesei

Summary Two forms of males occur in the acarid mite, Caloglyphus berlesei. One of them uses its thickened third pair of legs to kill other males; the other, without modified legs, does not attack other males. Previous studies have shown that the form of the male is environmentally determined: fighter males develop only at low population densities and their development can be suppressed by substances emanating from dense colonies. In this study, the duration of development, longevity and virility of the two male morphs were measured. The only significant difference was that fighters had a shorter development time between the two last moults. In another experiment, two groups of colonies were maintained under the same conditions but had different numbers of individuals: small colonies contained 2 fighters and 2 non-fighters, whereas large colonies contained 30 males of each type. The relative reproductive success of both morphs was estimated from numbers of matings. In small colonies, the estimated reproductive success (ERS) was significantly higher for fighters than for non-fighters, mainly because in over 50% of these colonies a single fighter male managed to kill all the rival males and monopolize the females. The opposite was true in large colonies, in which non-fighters achieved significantly higher ERS, mainly because the fighters were killed in fights more often than the non-fighters. This implies that the ratio of costs to benefits obtained by adopting the fighter-male strategy increases with the number of rival males, which may explain conditional male development in C. berlesei.     

Spontaneous resettlement after drought: An Ethiopian example*

Based upon two recent periods of fieldwork among a spontaneously resettled population of cattle herders in southwestern Ethiopia, this paper is an attempt to illustrate, by a particular case, the general proposition that external aid, if it is not to be counter-productive, must meet people's needs as they themselves define them. The people in question, the Mursi, have experienced, since 1970, their worst period of drought and hunger in living memory. They have responded to this experience with resilience and inventiveness and largely without external assistance. The paper concentrates on a recent, drought induced, migration of Mursi to higher land, outside their traditional territory, and shows how the migrants are adapting to a new way of life which brings them into direct conflict with some of their most cherished cultural traditions.     

Discussing why population growth is still ignored or denied

Due to a number of factors outlined in this article, the issue of population growth is excluded from the sustainability discussion. In this article, we explore some of the ethical presumptions that underlie the issues linking population growth and sustainability. Critics argue that action to address population creates social and economic segregation, and portray overpopulation concerns as being “anti-poor,” “anti-developing country,” or even “antihuman.” Yet, de-linking demographic factors from sustainability concerns ignores significant global realities and trends, such as the ecological limits of the Earth, the welfare and long-term livelihood of the most vulnerable groups, future prospects of humanity, as well as the ecosystems that support society.     

Ganges River Dolphin: An Overview of Biology,Ecology, and Conservation Status in India

Ganges River dolphin, Platanista gangetica gangetica, is one of the three obligatory freshwater dolphins in the world and is distributed in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna and Sangu–Karnaphuli River systems in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. This species is facing considerable threats to its survival, and its population has dwindled from 4000 to 5000 in the early 1980s to 3500 in 2014 in the distribution range. This article reviews current status of the sub-species, habitat use, and the potential threats that the dolphins face for their survival (details of taxonomic status and genetics, evolutionary adaptations and anatomical peculiarities, physical adaptation, primitive characteristics, biology, behavior, surfacing behavior and dive times, mating and birth, and life span/age have been placed as Electronic Supplementary Materials). Recommendations have been made for the protection and developing strategies for the conservation of this Endangered and endemic sub-species.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0534-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Climate Change and Population Growth in Timor Leste: Implications for Food Security

The climate in Timor Leste (East Timor) is predicted to become about 1.5 °C warmer and about 10 % wetter on average by 2050. By the same year, the population is expected to triple from 1 to 2.5–3 million. This article maps the predicted changes in temperature and rainfall and reviews the implications of climate change and population growth on agricultural systems. Improved cultivars of maize, rice, cassava, sweet potato and peanuts with high yield performance have been introduced, but these will need to be augmented in the future with better adapted cultivars and new crops, such as food and fodder legumes and new management practices. The requirements for fertilizers to boost yields and terracing and/or contour hedgerows to prevent soil erosion of steeply sloping terrain are discussed. Contour hedges can also be used for fodder for improved animal production to provide protein to reduce malnutrition.     

小型城市污水排放量预测模型研究——以楚雄市为例

针对小城市污水排放量历史数据较少,城市发展变化较大的特点,以楚雄市为例,提出了基于污水排放来源以及生成机理的预测方法。根据历史人口增长趋势以及城镇化率进行城区人口综合预测,运用定额法根据不同行业用水特点预测城市用水量,结合城市污水排放特点对楚雄市近期以及远期城市污水排放量进行科学合理的预测,并对预测结果进行了分析,可为城市发展规划提供决策参考。