宜昌市沮漳河流域当阳段水环境现状调查与评价

对宜昌市沮漳河流域当阳段的水环境进行了调查和评价。通过区域自然环境、社会经济发展、水体功能区、水环境容量等分析以及多个断面数据的监测,表明沮漳河流域当阳段水环境质量不能满足Ⅲ类水体功能区要求,主要超标因子为高锰酸盐指数、NHrN、BOD5、TP、石油类,主要受沿岸工业废水、生活污水及农业面源污染所致。     

营口近岸海域污染现状调查分析

无机氮和活性磷酸盐是营口近岸海域的特征污染物,对营口近岸海域造成了一定程度的污染。通过对营口近岸海域污染调查分析,提出了控制改善这种状况的建议和措施。     

Modeling channel management impacts on river migration: a case study of Woodson bridge state recreation area,Sacramento river,California, USA

Understanding how hydraulic factors control alluvial river meander migration can help resource managers evaluate the long-term effects of floodplain management and bank stabilization measures. Using a numerical model based on the mechanics of flow and sediment transport in curved river channels, we predict 50 years of channel migration and suggest the planning and ecological implications of that migration for a 6.4-km reach (river miles 218–222) of the Sacramento River near the Woodson Bridge State Recreation Area, California, USA. Using four different channel management scenarios, our channel migration simulations suggest that: (1) channel stabilization alters the future channel planform locally and downstream from the stabilization; (2) rock revetment currently on the bank upstream from the Woodson Bridge recreation area causes more erosion of the channel bank at the recreation area than if the revetment were not present; (3) relocating the channel to the west and allowing subsequent unconstrained river migration relieves the erosion pressure in the Woodson Bridge area; (4) the subsequent migration reworks (erodes along one river bank and replaces new floodplain along the other) 26.5 ha of land; and (5) the river will rework between 8.5 and 48.5 ha of land in the study reach (over the course of 50 years), depending on the bank stabilization plan used. The reworking of floodplain lands is an important riparian ecosystem function that maintains habitat heterogeneity, an essential factor for the long-term survival of several threatened and endangered animal species in the Sacramento River area.     

Assessment of the Water Quality of the River Arno in the Area of Florence, Italy

The quality of the waters collected from R. Arno was examined in the period September 1988 to December 1989. A first campaign in September/October 1988, during a period of low water, gives a general picture of pollution conditions along the river from the source to the mouth. the river appears to be heavily polluted immediately downstream of Florence and in the area of the textile industry.

In the second campaign, through the whole year 1989, particular attention has been given to the Florence area; the most significant results, compared with those from a previous investigation carried out in 1971, show only a small reduction of the pollution load, due to the shortage and inadequacy of wastewater depuration. Some considerations are reported on pollution drop with full spate.     

珠江广州段水体微塑料的分布特征及迁移规律

全球海洋塑料污染日益严重,河流是陆地产生的微塑料向海洋传输的重要渠道。珠江微塑料的入海通量排名处于世界前列,其中流经广州市区的虎门入海口的贡献量远高于其他入海口。为探究珠江广州段支流水体微塑料的污染现状并厘清其影响因素,文章对珠江广州段(包括支流和入海口)18个典型采样点位的表层水体微塑料进行了综合分析。结果显示,微塑料的污染丰度为0.123~25.2个/m³。微塑料的主要类型包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯等,其占比远高于其他类型微塑料。珠江广州段接收广州市区及周边城市排放的生活、农业和工业废水,其中纤维主要来自纺织品的洗涤,聚乙烯和聚丙烯均为生活中的常用塑料,聚苯乙烯和聚丙烯多用于生产各类塑料产品(如塑料玩具、泡沫箱等)。在4类监测断面(点)中,入境断面和监控断面的微塑料丰度远高于背景点和入海口。流经人口密集、城市化程度高的区域的支流微塑料丰度远高于其他支流,入海口微塑料丰度最低。可见,人类活动是影响微塑料在不同河段分布的最主要因素。     

入太湖河道大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价

于2020年9月在太滆运河、漕桥河、徐家大塘和竺山湾布设14个监测点位,调查入太湖河道底栖动物群落结构,并采用Goodnight修正指数（GBI）、生物学污染指数（BPI）和多样性指数（H）进行水质生物学评价。结果表明,研究区域共检出底栖动物6纲18种,霍甫水丝蚓（Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri）和中国长足摇蚊（Tanypus chinensis）为优势种,生物多样性由高到低为竺山湾（H=1.20）＞徐家大塘（H=1.09）＞太滆运河（H=0.67）＞漕桥河（H=0.33）。典范对应分析显示,总氮、正磷酸盐等因子与寡毛类生物量呈正相关,叶绿素a、IMn与摇蚊幼虫生物量呈正相关。生物学评价表明,太滆运河处于中重度污染状态,漕桥河、徐家大塘和竺山湾处于中度污染状态。     

长-短NDVI时序检测植被局部突变特征方法研究

提出一种长-短NDVI时序检测植被局部变化特征方法,利用2000—2020年和田地区的MODIS数据,对研究区域同一格网内不同年度的NDVI时序作相似性检验以检测格网内植被是否发生突变,进而研究植被局部变化特征,检测植被局部发生生态突变的时间、位置及变化前后植被类型。结果表明：和田地区植被覆盖突变好转的年份为2006年、2013年、2016年和2018年,分布在平原绿洲、山区与平原交汇区域。除了开垦、耕作及其他逐利人为因素外,大部分植被覆盖突变发生在气候变化剧烈的南部山区,故和田地区局部植被退化是气候变化与人类活动共同作用的结果。     

财政分权能促进中国农村人居环境治理吗？

新时期合理调整中央及地方政府财事权关系,拓宽地方政府财政收入渠道是补齐农村人居环境治理短板,构建长效投资机制的关键。该研究基于中国式财政分权的典型事实,从理论上系统诠释了财政分权、官员晋升激励对农村人居环境治理的内在影响逻辑,并基于时长11年的省际面板数据,选用系统GMM方法实证分析了财政收支分权与自主度、晋升激励对农村人居环境治理的影响效应。研究结果表明：①政府财政收入与支出分权对农村生活垃圾集中处理与卫生厕所普及都存在显著的正向影响作用,且对农村生活垃圾集中处理的影响更大。②官员晋升激励通过影响地方政府的财政支出偏好来正向影响中国农村生活垃圾和污水的集中处理及卫生厕所的有效普及,所有结果都显示在财政收入分权下的影响效应更大。③联合影响方面,交互项对农村生活垃圾、污水的集中处理与卫生厕所的普及的影响系数都显著为正,且稳健性较好,说明二者的联合效应对农村基础设施的建设、居住条件与环境的改善等起到正向的调节作用。认为应在中国式现代化建设进程中进一步完善中央与地方财事权关系,优化中央及地方财力与事权划分格局,扩大地方税收收入规模及占比,增加农村人居环境方面的民生投入;逐步完善政府官员绩效考核机制,强化对民生事业发展的绩效评价,引导官员树立科学的政绩观,为宜居宜业和美乡村建设提供制度性保障。     

Transport of pollutants in two estuarine systems on the coast of Georgia

The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of pollutants in two coastal systems in Georgia: (1) Kubitskali river which flows into the Black sea through the city of Batumi and is polluted mainly from the effluents of an oil refinery; (2) Paliastomi lake, which is a shallow water body at the south-east of the city of Poti. During 2000-2001, two samplings took place in each system, one in the low-flow period and one in the high-flow period. During these samplings, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity were measured in situ, whereas water samples were collected for the analysis of trace metals, nutrients, and organic pollutants with standard methods. The results of the measurements indicate the significant pollution of both systems by ammonia and in the case of Kubitskali River also by oil products. The need for a sustainable management plan of the activities taking place in the river basin is urgent.