Hydroxytyrosol, the phenolic compound of olive oil protects human PBMC against oxidative stress and DNA damage mediated by 2,3,7,8-TCDD

The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a strong antioxidant compound from extra virgin olive oil, against TCDD induced toxicity was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC (1 × 10⁶ cells mL⁻¹) were divided into four groups and were incubated in a CO₂ incubator (5% CO₂) for 12 h with vehicle, TCDD (10 nM), TCDD + HT (10 nM + 100 μM) and HT alone (100 μM) respectively. To clarify the role of HT against TCDD induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Incubation of PBMC with TCDD significantly decreased cell viability, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas, HT had an effective antioxidant property as observed by the increased cell viability, normalization of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of LPO, PCC and ROS in PBMC co-treated with HT and TCDD. Apoptosis detection and comet assay results shows that HT, by acting as an antioxidant, prevents the damage to DNA induced by TCDD. In addition light microscopic and histopathological observations revealed that the cells are apoptotic and degenerated during TCDD treatment, whereas cells showed intact morphology during co-treatment with HT. On the whole, the results reveal that HT exerts a promising antioxidant potential in protecting the PBMC against TCDD induced oxidative stress, which might be due to the presence of catechol moiety in its structure.     

微网对继电保护安全运行的影响分析及解决方案

在分析微网接入配电网对现有继电保护模式的不利影响基础上,总结含微网的配电网继电保护策略,提出适用的含微网的配电网继电保护方案,包含微网外保护方案、微网内保护方案、PCC点保护方案。对微网内保护方案,结合案例分析其继保动作。     

应用细胞合成计量关系模型分析鱼腥藻7120的混合营养生长

根据文献中鱼腥藻细胞大分子的含量和组成情况，计算了细胞合成所需要的小分子单体和前体代谢物的量，得到代谢意义上的细胞生物合成计量关系，此计量关系模型，对鱼腥藻7120细胞在气升式光生物反应器中光自养和混合营养生长的对数生长阶段进行了代谢通量分析。结果表明，葡萄糖的利用影响细胞初级碳代谢的流动状况，混合营养生长过程比光自养生长过程磷酸戊糖途径氧化性分支的反应程度明显加强，随着培养的进行，葡萄糖被细胞用作碳源的比例可能减小，而用作能源的比例可能增大。     

理化因子对集胞藻PCC6803溶血素溶血活性的影响

研究了保存温度以及添加稳定剂、氧化剂、还原剂、螯合剂和金属离子对集胞藻(Synechocystis sp. PCC6803)野生型菌株产生的溶血素的溶血活性的影响.结果表明,该溶血素在提取初始仅具有较低的溶血活性,但在提取3～6 d后,溶血活性急剧升高,之后随保存时间延长逐渐降低.-20 ℃低温保存有利于该溶血素活性的维持.添加半胱氨酸盐酸盐、牛血清白蛋白和血红蛋白都能提高其溶血活性,可以作为该溶血素的稳定剂;氧化剂H₂O₂能显著提高其溶血活性,而还原剂β-巯基乙醇、二硫苏糖醇显著抑制其溶血活性,说明该溶血素为非巯基依赖型溶血素.金属离子Ca2+,Co2+,Fe3+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Mn2+和Mg2+均会抑制其溶血活性,仅Zn2+能增加其溶血活性,金属螯合剂EDTA也能增强其溶血活性.      

Chloroaromatic pollutants in mussels incubated in two finnish watercourses polluted by industry

Concentrations of different chlorinated compounds were measured in mussels incubated in two polluted watercourses, a river (the River Kymijoki) and a lake (Lake Vanaja) for four weeks in summer 1995. The sum concentrations of polychlorinated phenols (PCP) and biphenyls (PCB) were both about 1 μg/g lipid weight (lw) in Lake Vanaja mussels, while in the River Kymijoki mussels PCPs were non-detectable and PCBs were measured 120 ng/g lIw. The concentrations of toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners ranged between <17 and 370 pg/g Iw in Lake Vanaja mussels and between <38 and 11,000 pg/g lw in the River Kymijoki mussels. Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDE) were detected in the mussels incubated in the River Kymijoki (0.4–1.1 ng/g Iw), but not in those incubated in Lake Vanaja. Polychlorinated phenoxyanisoles (PCPA) were measured 33 ng/g lw and polychlorinated phenoxyphenols (PCPP) 300 ng/g lw in the mussels incubated in the River Kymijoki. PCPAs were also detected in reference samples, which were sediment and pike from the River Kymijoki and Baltic salmon, seal and white-tailed sea eagle.     

转小鼠金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ基因聚球藻7002净化重金属废水的研究

以转小鼠金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ基因(mMT-I)聚球藻7002为对象,研究了其在含Cd2 、Pb2 和Hg2 的培养基中的生长特性及其对重金属的净化性能.结果表明,无论从生长速率还是对重金属的耐受特性来看,转 m MT-Ⅰ聚球藻7002均明显优于野生藻;随着培养进程的延续和细胞浓度逐渐提高,体系中Cd2 、pb2 和Hg2 的浓度逐渐降低,降幅最大的时间约在试验开始后1-3 d左右;经3 d培养,转mMT-Ⅰ聚球藻细胞对Cd2 、pb2 和Hg2 的净化率分别为63.90%、65.99%和96.27%,吸附量分别为10.75、58.89和112.61 mg·g-1,而野生聚球藻的吸附量分别为3.40、27.01和1.12 mg·g-1,前者分别是后者的3.16、2.18和100.45倍;并建立了操作时间和细胞浓度对净化率的单因子模型,以及总括动力学模型方程,模型对实验结果拟合良好.     

pH对鱼腥藻和普通小球藻生长竞争的影响

pH值是藻类生长环境的重要理化指标,它可以通过改变环境酸碱度和碳酸盐平衡系统及不同形态无机碳分配关系来影响藻类的生长。为揭示水体中常见藻类的生长过程及其与pH的相互关系,设置了6.0,7.0,8.0和9.0等4个pH梯度,通过室内实验模拟水体条件,研究不同pH条件下主要水华藻类--鱼腥藻（Anabaena sp.strain PCC）和常见淡水藻类--普通小球藻（Chlorella vulga）的生长和种间竞争。结果表明,无论是在单种培养还是在共同培养体系中,4个pH条件下两种藻类的最大生物量差异显著（P〈0.05）,鱼腥藻和普通小球藻的最适pH均为9.0,其中单种培养时鱼腥藻和普通小球藻的最大生物量分别为4473.5×104,689.6×10^4 cells·mL-1;共同培养时鱼腥藻和普通小球藻的最大生物量分别为2798.0×10^4,296.5×10^4 cells·mL-1。竞争试验结果表明,pH对藻类种间竞争抑制参数能够产生显著影响,pH 7.0时普通小球藻对鱼腥藻的竞争抑制参数（β）最大,为12.91;鱼腥藻对普通小球藻的竞争抑制参数（α）则是pH 6.0时最大,为1.778。在4个pH条件下普通小球藻对鱼腥藻的竞争抑制参数（β）均大于鱼腥藻对普通小球藻的竞争抑制参数（α）,与单种培养相比,鱼腥藻最大藻细胞数受到明显削弱,说明普通小球藻在竞争中占优势。因此,在水产养殖过程控制和精准培水技术研究,以及控制养殖水体富营养化的过程中,可以通过调节养殖水体pH值以及普通小球藻的浓度来控制鱼腥藻的生长。     

Carbon dioxide emissions from spring ploughing of grassland in Ireland

Grassland re-seeding or land-use change requires ploughing, which may enhance carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from soil. This study observed the short to intermediate-term (37 days) effects of ploughing on CO₂ emissions from poorly drained grassland using automated soil respiration chambers. Immediately after ploughing, a brief peak in CO₂ emissions from soil occurred with a maximum observed flux of 6.91 g CO₂ m⁻² h⁻¹. Contradictory to other reported results, ecosystem respiration after ploughing was lower on the ploughed than on the grass site. After including estimates of photosynthesis in the analysis, ploughing led to significantly higher net CO₂ emissions than from grassland. The main mechanism of C loss during ploughing was most likely due to a reduction in gross primary production rather than enhanced soil respiration.     

Construction and application of the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803-ftnA in microbial contamination control in a coupled cultivation and wastewater treatment

Inspired by iron fertilization experiments in HNLC (high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll) sea areas, we proposed the use of iron-rich engineered microalgae for microbial contaminant control in iron-free culture media. Based on the genome sequence and natural transformation system of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, ftnA (encoding ferritin) was selected as our target gene and was cloned into wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Tests at the molecular level confirmed the successful construction of the engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC6803-ftnA. After Fe^3 +-EDTA pulsing, the intracellular iron content of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803-ftnA was significantly enhanced, and the algae was used in the microbial contamination control system. In the coupled Synechocystis sp. PCC6803-ftnA production and municipal wastewater (MW, including Scenedesmus obliquus and Bacillus) treatment, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803-ftnA accounted for all of the microbial activity and significantly increased from 70% of the microbial community to 95%. These results revealed that while the stored iron in the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803-ftnA cells was used for growth and reproduction of this microalga in the MW, the growth of other microbes was inhibited because of the iron limitation, and these results provide a new method for microbial contamination control during a coupling process.     

Calcium carbonate waste from an integrated pulp and paper mill as a potential liming agent

Calcium carbonate is used in large amounts in the pulp and paper industry as a paper filler. When it is manufactured, the calcium carbonate waste is purged from the process. Here we demonstrate that, due to the elevated calcium concentration of 168.5 g kg⁻¹ dry weight (dw), alkaline pH of 12.6 and neutralizing (liming) effect value of 42.4% expressed as Ca equivalents, this waste is a potential liming agent and a pH buffer. The heavy metal concentrations in the waste were lower than the new Finnish limit values for fertilizers used in agriculture, as well as for a material, e.g. ash, used as an earth construction agent. These limit values came into force in March 2007 and in June 2006, respectively.