Learning lessons from the 2011 Van Earthquake to enhance healthcare surge capacity in Turkey

Historically, Turkey has adopted a reactive approach to natural hazards which resulted in significant losses. However, following the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake, a more proactive approach has been adopted. This study aims to explore the way this new approach operates on the ground. A multinational and multidisciplinary team conducted a field investigation following the 2011 Van Earthquake to identify lessons to inform healthcare emergency planning in Turkey and elsewhere. The team interviewed selected stakeholders including, healthcare emergency responders, search and rescue services, ambulance services, and health authority representatives, in addition to conducting a focus group. Data were analysed according to an open coding process and SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis. The findings suggest that the approach succeeded in developing a single vision by consolidating official efforts in a more structured way, mobilising many governmental and non-governmental organisations, securing significant amounts of resources including physical and human, and increasing the resilience and flexibility of infrastructure to expand its capacity. However, more attention is required to the development of stronger management procedures and acquisition of further resources.     

一种微生物絮凝剂絮凝特性的研究

实验表明,在一定条件下,黑曲霉所产微生物絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率能达到96％以上,该微生物絮凝荆在pH值很低的情况下亦能保持较高的絮凝活性,添加助凝剂CaCl2能大幅提高絮凝率。该絮凝剂的絮凝效果不易受温度的影响,其最佳投加量为2mL／100mL。     

堆肥过程中有机质和微生物群落的动态变化

利用3个容积约为50 L的平行生物反应装置研究堆肥过程中温度、湿度（水分含量）、pH值和有机质的动态变化情况。按照Van Soest方法根据有机质不同的溶解特性将其分为：溶于沸水的有机质H2O、溶于中性试剂的有机质SOLU、半纤维素（HEMI）、纤维素（CELL）和木质素（LIGN）。结果表明：反应装置内环境湿度调控在60%左右时,堆肥系统内借助生化反应,温度最高可达到约50℃。堆肥材料在反应初期呈现偏酸性（pH=6.5）,而随着反应的发生,pH逐渐变为中性或弱碱性（pH=7.4）。经过20 d的堆肥实验,有机质总量降解了约47%。在微生物作用下的各类有机质的降解率不同,按大小排序为H2O〉HEMI〉CELL〉SOLU〉LIGN,其降解率分别是85%、56%、36%、32%和27%。为了深入理解堆肥过程中有机质的降解机制,文章采用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）技术对体系中的微生物群落变化进行了初步分析,发现微生物优势群落随反应温度的改变发生明显变化,在堆肥初期和堆肥中期,细菌占优势,而堆肥末期时真菌比例较高。在堆肥的过程中,革兰氏阴性菌的比例呈下降趋势,而革兰氏阳性菌的比例呈上升趋势。     

酚类化合物的QSAR研究

直接应用化合物的分子结构式产生的结构描述参量研究了４５个酚类化合物的麻醉毒性和分子结构之间的相关性。用多元回归分析和神经网络法建立了相应的数学模型，并用其预测了５个酚类化合物的麻醉毒性。结果表明，所提取的结构参量较好地反映这类化合物的结构特性，而用神经网络法所得结果优于多元回归分析结果。     

Determination of cytotoxic,genotoxic, and oxidative damage from deltamethrin on primary hepatocyte culture of Lake Van fish,Alburnus tarichi

ABSTRACT

Deltamethrin is a widely used pyrethroits worldwide. Although the chemical is used to combat insects, it has effects on other non-target organisms. Deltamethrin is extensively used in agriculture, animal husbandry, and domestic areas in the Lake Van basin. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative damage from deltamethrin on the primary hepatocyte culture of Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi). In this study, the toxic effects of different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10?µM) of deltamethrin in the primary hepatocyte culture of Lake Van fish were investigated via liver enzymes aspartase aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and DNA damage (8-OHdG).

Deltamethrin caused an increase in the AST and ALT levels dependent on the dosage and time. The TAS and TOS levels increased at the end of 24?h and there was no difference at the end of 48?h. Deltamethrin did not affect the MDA level, but increased the 8-OHdG (P?<?0.05). In conclusion, it can be said that high doses of deltamethrin (1 and 10?µM) have a toxic effect on the primary hepatocyte culture of Lake Van fish.     

酚类化合物的QSAR研究

直接应用化合物的分子结构式产生的结构描述参量研究了45个酚类化合物的麻醉毒性和分子结构之间的相关性,用多元回归分析和神经网络法建立了相应的数学模型,并用其预测了5个酚类化合物的麻醉毒性.结果表明,所提取的结构参量较好地反映这类化合物的结构特性,而用神经网络法所得结果优于多元回归分析结果.