Effects of initial decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on the growth and physiology of Impatiens balsamina北大核心CSCD

A pot experiment was conducted to study the allelopathic effects of initial decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on growth and physiology of Impatiens balsamina. Three leaf litter treatments included 20, 40 and 80 g of C. camphora leaf litter mixed with 8 kg of soil, namely T1, T2, and T3, respectively. In order to test the effect of leaf litter addition on the permeability and ventilation of soil simultaneously, a parallel trial with steamed leaf litter was conducted with the three treatments of the leaf litter. The leaf litter was steamed for 2 d to remove the secondary metabolites as much as possible, dried, and then mixed with 8 kg of soil, namely Z1, Z2, and Z3, respectively. No leaf litter was added in control (CK). The growth parameters of I. balsamina were determined at the 20 d, 60 d, 100 d and 120 d after sowing and the main physiology indicators were determined at the 60 d. The results indicated that: (1) The ground surface diameter and height of I. balsamina were inhibited significantly at 60 d (P < 0.05). Photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange parameters of I. balsamina were inhibited significantly at 60 d, and the inhibition effect was stronger with increased amount of leaf litter addition. The chlorophyll content, Pn and Ls decreased significantly with increased amount of leaf litter (P < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves of I. balsamina decreased with the increase of leaf litter addition. The content of MDA in treatments T1, T2 and T3 were all higher than that in CK, which indicated that I. balsamina suffered oxidative damage in a certain degree. The content of free proline (Pro) and soluble sugar (SS) in leaves of I. balsamina decreased significantly with the increase of the leaf litter (P < 0.05), while the content of soluble protein (SP) increased. (2) In the parallel trial, 60 d after sowing, no obvious difference was observed between CK and any steamed leaf litter treatment in terms of the morphological and physiological features stated above (P > 0.05). It indicated that the soil physical properties were not greatly influenced by leaf litter addition in the dose interval designed, or that the release of secondary metabolites from decomposing leaf litter was probably a better reason to explain the inhibition of leaf litter treatment to I. balsamina growth. (3)The compound effect (CE) of leaf litter decomposition on I. balsamina was enhanced with increase of the leaf litter, to 0.169, 0.354, and 0.497, respectively, in treatments of T1, T2 and T3. The study indicated that initial decomposition of C. camphora leaf litter in soil reduces the content of photosynthetic pigments, inhibits photosynthetic capacity and resistance physiology of I. balsamina, weakens its adaptability to the environment, and restrains growth of the plant. © 2015, Science Press. All rights reserved.     

重金属元素在樟树人工林中的累积与迁移

结合樟树人工林生态系统生物产量研究,采用Hp3510原子吸收分光光度法测定樟树人工林生态系统不同组分中Cu、Zn、Mn、Pd、Ni、Cd的含量,探讨了重金属元素Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb、Ni、Cd在湖南株洲市樟树人工林中的累积与迁移.结果表明,樟树人工林地土壤层(0～100 cm)中,6种重金属元素的平均含量以Pb为最高,为67.929 mg/kg,Cd最低,仅为0.699 mg/kg,排序为Pb＞Zn＞Mn＞Ni＞Cu＞Cd,总储量为2 737 174 kg/hm2.在樟树不同器官中,Cu、Zn、Mn、Pd、Ni、Cd的含量范围分别为6.849～13.178 mg/kg,3.776～37.443 mg/kg,32.214～659.130 mg/kg,1.626～15.544 mg/kg,0.218～3.719 mg/kg,1.033～9.506 mg/kg.樟树对土壤中6种重金属元素富集能力排序为Cd＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Ni.在樟树林中,6种重金属元素的总积累量为11.124 kg/hm2,且排序为Mn(8.097 kg/hm2)＞Zn(1.429 kg/hm2)＞Cu(0.763 kg/hm2)＞Pb(0.491 kg/hm2)＞ Cd(0.272 kg/hm2)＞Ni(0.072 kg/hm2),重金属元素积累量空间分布为叶(3.447 kg/hm2)＞枝(2.863 kg/hm2)＞皮(1.685 kg/hm2)＞干(1.635 kg/hm2)＞根(1.307 kg/hm2).樟树林与环境之间,Mn的交换能力最强,其次是Cd、Zn、Cu,再次为Ni、Pb.     

园林绿化树种香樟叶片的含硫量动态分析

植物对一定浓度范围内的大气污染物,具有一定程度的抵抗及吸收净化作用。为了解南京市主要园林绿化树种香樟（Cinnamomum camphora）叶片吸收净化SO2的能力,选择在5个不同污染靶区,以3个不同胸径级的香樟叶片为研究对象,采用硫酸钡比浊法测定了不同季节香樟叶片的含硫量。结果表明：香樟叶片对SO2具有一定的吸收净化能力,其叶片含硫量平均为0.2160%,且其含量随分布区、生长季节及个体胸径不同差异显著;并与异域大气中SO2污染指数成一定的正相关;与个体胸径大小成显著负相关;季节间呈现出＂先降后升再降＂的动态趋势,于春秋季较高,而夏冬季较低。     

长江防护林——樟树林对降雨再分配的影响

林冠对降雨的再分配,是森林生态学和森林水文学研究的一个重要方面,其影响降雨从林冠到土壤的转移以及水土流失的变化,具有突出的生态水文意义。通过对樟树林下穿透雨和树干流的定位监测,旨在揭示林冠水文效应的变化规律,结果表明：林冠对降雨的再分配功能受到降雨量的影响,穿透雨、树干流和截留量与降雨量呈显著的正相关(〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<005);穿透雨率随着降雨量增加而增加,而截留率随降雨量增加而减小,并且两者在高的雨量下逐渐趋于稳定,但是树干流率随着降雨量增加先升高后降低。同时,降雨强度也影响林冠的水文效应,随着降雨强度的增加,穿透雨率升高,截留率下降。在整个测定期间,樟树林穿透雨率为685%,截留率为292%,而树干流率为23%。在不同雨量和雨强级间,樟树林冠对降雨再分配存在着差异,而且林内雨的组成比例（〖WTBX〗SF／TF〖WTBZ〗）也受到降雨量和降雨强度的影响。樟树林下水分输入存在明显的空间异质性,穿透雨率在不同位置间具有显著性的差异,而且穿透雨的空间变化率,即穿透雨率的变异系数（CV）随着降雨量或降雨强度的增加而减少。     

上海市中心城区樟树叶片中多环芳烃的分布及来源辨析

采用GC-MS对上海市中心城区樟树叶片中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)进行定量分析.结果表明,樟树叶片中∑16PAHs、致癌性PAHs、BaPeq含量范围分别为199.14~488.77、56.63~209.37、4.39~14.80ng/g(干质量),最高值均出现在工业区,其次是交通区、商业区,最低值均出现在公园绿地.各采样点樟树叶片不同环数PAHs分布特征相似,以3~4环为主,平均含量分布占∑16PAHs的31.60%和54.25%,其次为2环和5环PAHs,分别占5.83%和5.97%,6环最低,仅占2.35%;主要单体为菲(Phe)、 (Chry)、荧蒽(Fl)、芘(Pyr),工业区萘(Nap)的含量显著高于其他功能区.运用因子分析法和特征比值法源解析表明,樟树叶片中PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧.     

侧柏、香樟枝叶挥发物对人体生理的影响

利用多导电生理技术手段,采用与情绪有较大关系的最常见的生理指标为因变量,从嗅觉的角度研究侧柏和香樟两种常见绿化树种的挥发物对人体的影响,结果表明：嗅闻侧柏（Platycladus orientalis（L）Franco）挥发物后人体手指温度极显著升高,人体血氧含量略有增加,平均心率、心电RR间期值显著降低;嗅闻香樟（Cinnamomum camphora（L）Presl）气味后人体手指温度、血氧含量显著降低,平均心率略有变化,心电RR间期值极显著升高。说明人处在侧柏环境中情绪趋于放松状态,感觉清新、舒爽、愉悦;而在香樟气味环境中人表现出紧张、不快,甚至长时间在这样的环境中会产生厌恶情绪。研究结果有助于从植物保健功能指导人居、游憩环境中绿化树种的科学配置。     

氮沉降对香樟叶片光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响研究

以香樟(Cinnamomum cam phora)为试验材料,通过模拟氮沉降的方法,研究了不同氮沉降条件下香樟叶片的光合、叶绿素荧光生理的表现,揭示了相应的生理生态机制.结果表明,适当浓度的氮沉降对香樟的生长具有促进作用,而过量的氮沉降会降低其净光合速率,从而对其生长产生抑制作用；不同处理组香樟的光补偿点(LCP)、光...     

Inhibition of decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on growth of Pharbitis nil and the alleviation effect of nitrogen application北大核心CSCD

In plant configuration of landscaping, herbaceous plant is often inter-planted with ornamental tree species. But unreasonable plant collocation may reduce the effectiveness of afforestation for the inhibition effect of tree on the growth of understory, and further more affect the greening effect. Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) is widely planted in landscaping accompanying herbaceous plants including morning glory (Pharbitis nil). But camphor was reported to have allelopathic effect on its adjacent plant, therefore correct selection and collocation of plants has important significance to obtain good greening effect. This research aimed to study by a pot experiment the effects of decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on the growth, phenological traits of Pharbitis nil, as well as modification of these effects by nitrogen application. Three application rates of C. camphora leaf litter including 25, 50 and 100 g/pot (denoted by L25, L50 and L100, respectively) and a control (CK) were implemented. Nitrogen application began on the 34th d of decomposition, with 0.39 g urea being divided into three equal portions and added continuously to each pot. The results showed that (1) The height, basal diameter, leaf area and biomass production of Pharbitis nil were all inhibited sharply by exposure to the leaf litter, being decreased by 32.85%-83.78%, 5.23%-23.00%, 30.31%-58.47%, and 40.34%-84.54%, respectively, with the inhibition effect increasing both in intensity and stability with the increase of leaf litter. Such inhibition effect was obviously alleviated by exogenous nitrogen application. (2) The flowering dynamics of Pharbitis nil was greatly impacted by the leaf litter, with the flower initiation 2.5-10.0 d later and the flowering duration 6.3-11.4 d longer compared to the control. Although the leaf litter-treated plants exhibited more (0.5-3.3) flowers than the control, their quality decreased, and the hundred-grain weight of the seed decreased with the increase of leaf litter. However, the differences among treatments in the reproductive parameters mentioned above reduced after nitrogen fertilization. The results indicated that leaf litter of C. Camphora has a great allelopathic effect on morphological and reproductive growth of Pharbitis nil, which may be attributed to the release of phototoxic substances during the decomposition process.