2012年国家先进污染防治示范技术（二）

环保型循环冷却水处理技术技术依托单位：上海轻工业研究所有限公司中图分类号：X703文献标志码：B文章编号：1006-5377（2012）11-0058-01工艺路线该技术采用高级氧化还原技术,有效破坏生物膜,起到杀菌、阻垢和缓蚀等作用,可替代传统化学药剂处理循环冷却水。主要技术指标处理后污垢热阻小于3.44×10-4m2K/W,腐蚀率小于0.075mm/a（碳钢）,细菌总数低于1×103个/mL,生物黏泥低于3mL/m3,浊度低于5NTU,pH7.0～9.0,     

一种循环冷却水运行质量在线检测设备及方法

本文涉及到循环冷却水系统缓蚀、阻垢、杀菌效果的在线检测装置。它包括小型监测换热器、在线腐蚀检测装置、生物粘泥检测装置及相应数字转换、网络传输模块,使循环水运行质量检测实时化、功能模块集成化,解决了循环冷却水系统沉积、腐蚀、粘泥检测滞后的问题。     

化工企业动火应落实的安全技术措施

拆离作业 把禁火区内需要动火的,能拆卸拿离的设备、管道及其附件,从主体上拆下来,拿到安全的地方去动火,动火作业完后再装回原处.这是一种安全可靠的动火方法,但应注意,拆离的设备、管道及其附件内如积有易燃易爆物料、污垢或残渣的,仍应按要求清洗.     

一滴水,一份责任

流水轻柔,飘逸出生命的华彩:流水柔柔,撒播下爱的雨露:流水蓬蓬,进发出灵魂的坚韧……水可以藏纳污垢,可以洗涤心灵,可以让杨柳依依,风雨霏霏……鲜花的绽放是一滴水的功劳,生命的辉煌更是一滴水的重量。所以,别忽略一滴水,因为——它也是承载着世界。     

污垢系数对热交换器的影响

环保、冶金及建材行业余热利用中的热交换器,常因管内污垢系数上升、换热面粘附粉尘而失效.研制用于某硅铁电炉高温烟尘治理余热利用中设有脉冲喷吹自动清灰装置的热交换器,可有效解决因粉尘粘附而导致的传热系数下降,从而保证了换热器长期稳定运行.     

10个超强厨房清洁技巧

<正>厨房是污垢最喜欢藏身的地方,厨房卫生没弄好不但看着让人添堵,更会带来健康问题!想把厨房打扫得干干净净一点都不麻烦,以下这些省时省力的小技巧你听说了么?一、杯子里面的污渍去不掉?简单!一点牙膏就能轻松去除!因为牙膏里的细微颗粒能够帮助摩擦污垢。二、下水道的异味不知怎么去除?首先将柚子皮剥下来,切成小块,放入锅中,倒入清水,大火煮开后,捞出柚子皮,趁热将水缓缓倒入下水道     

Treatment of phosphate-containing oily wastewater by coagulation and microfiltration

The oily wastewater generated from pretreatment unit of electrocoating industry contains oils, phosphate, organic solvents, and surfactants. In order to improve the removal efficiencies of phosphate and oils, to mitigate the membrane fouling, coagulation for ceramic membrane microfiltration of oily wastewater was performed. The results of filtration tests show that the membrane fouling decreased and the permeate flux and quality increased with coagulation as pretreatment. At the coagulant Ca （OH）2 dosage of 900 mg/L, the removal efficiency of phosphate was increased from 46.4% without coagulation to 99.6%; the removal of COD and oils were 97.0% and 99.8%, respectively. And the permeate flux was about 70% greater than that when Ca（OH）2 was not used. The permeate obtained from coagulation and microfiltration can be reused as make-up water, and the recommended operation conditions for pilot and industrial application are transmembrane pressure of 0.10 MPa and cross-flow velocity of 5 m/s. The comparison results show that 0.2 μm ZrO2 microfilter with coagulation could be used to perform the filtration rather than conventional ultrafilter, with very substantial gain in flux and removal efficiency of phosphate.     

Comparison of membrane fouling during short-term filtration of aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated adopting internal-circulate sequencing batch airlift reactor.The contradistinctive experiment about short-term membrane fouling between aerobic granular sludge system and activated sludge system were investigated.The membrane foulants was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy technique.The results showed that the aerobic granular sludge had excellent denitrification ability;the removal efficiency of TN could reach 90%.The aerobic granular sludge could alleviate membrane fouling effectively.The steady membrane flux of aerobic granular sludge was twice as much as that of activated sludge system.In addition,it was found that the aerobic granular sludge could result in severe membrane pore-blocking, however,the activated sludge could cause severe cake fouling.The major components of the foulants were identified as comprising of proteins and polysaccharide materials.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

炼油废水体系中超滤膜表面污染物的剖析

分别采用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散谱仪对炼油废水体系中超滤膜表面污染物进行了形貌观测和元素组分含量分析,并研究了炼油废水中Fe、Si和Al含量对超滤膜表面形态和污染物组成的影响.实验结果表明:超滤膜表面的主要污染物为Ca,Fe,Si,Al,Mg的化合物形成的凝胶,元素含量大小顺序为Fe＞ Ca＞ Si＞ Mg＞ Al;随...