Dibutyl phthalate adsorption characteristics using three common substrates in aqueous solutions

• DBP adsorption was tested using three kinds of substrates in constructed wetlands. • The DBP adsorption capacity followed the order: steel slag>gravel>shell sand. • High temperatures increased the DBP adsorption capacity in the substrates. • DOM consistently inhibited the DBP adsorption onto steel slag and gravel. In recent years, the presence and adverse impacts of phthalic acid esters in aquatic environments have gained increasing attention. This work investigated the adsorption behavior of a typical phthalic acid ester, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), onto steel slag, gravel, and shell sand (substrates commonly used in constructed wetlands). The influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on DBP adsorption was investigated using humic acid as a proxy for DOM. The results demonstrated that the adsorption of DBP to three substrates reached equilibrium within 96 h, and the adsorption kinetics were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order model. The DBP adsorption isotherms were best fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model. The DBP adsorption capacity decreased in the order of steel slag>gravel>shell sand, with values of 656 mg/kg, 598 mg/kg, and 6.62 mg/kg at 25°C, respectively. DBP adsorbed to the surface of all substrates in a monolayer via an endothermic process. The DBP adsorption capacities of steel slag and gravel decreased as the DOM content increased. The DBP adsorption mechanisms to steel slag and gravel mainly involved the surface coordination of DBP with –OH or –COOH groups and electrostatic interactions. The results of this work suggest that steel slag and gravel may be ideal substrates for use in constructed wetlands to treat wastewater polluted with DBP.     

人工湿地基质除磷研究进展

基质除磷被认为是人工湿地磷去除的主要方式，除磷效果不仅受基质自身物理化学性质的影响，还受水力条件、磷负荷、pH值、季节、温度、有机负荷、溶解氧、干湿交替等因素的影响。本文较系统分析了湿地基质除磷的作用机理和基质除磷效率的影响因素，最后对今后研究的方向进行了展望。     

A review on China's constructed wetlands in recent three decades: Application and practice

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been introduced to and developed in China for environmental engineering over the most prosperous three decades (1990–2020). To study the origin, development process, and future trend of CWs, this review summarized a wide range of literatures between 1990 and 2020 by Chinese authors. Firstly, the publication number over years, research highlights, and the author contributions with the most published papers in this field were conducted through bibliometric analysis. Secondly, the most principal components of CWs, substrates and macrophytes were summarized and analyzed. Thirdly, the typical application cases from traditional CWs, pond systems to combined pond-wetland systems were presented. In China, CWs were predominately distributed in the east of the so-called 'Hu Huanyong Line'. Therefore CWs were limited by the socio-economic level and climatic conditions. It is unquestionable that the overall level of China's CWs has improved significantly, and one of the most prominent features has started towards the plural pattern development. There has been a trend of large-scale or low-cost CW application in the recent years. However, lifecycle research and management are required for better strategies in the future.     

铵饱和天然钙型沸石基质人工湿地对模拟养猪废水的处理效能

针对养猪废水中有机污染物和氨氮(NH4+-N)浓度高、悬浮物含量高的特点,采用循环流人工湿地工艺对其进行处理,研究以天然钙型沸石为基质的人工湿地对模拟养猪废水的处理效能。结果表明:历时22个月的高NH4+-N负荷运行,已使人工湿地中的钙型沸石对NH4+-N的吸附达到饱和。在天然钙型沸石填料铵饱和条件下,湿地系统对模拟养猪废水中NH4+-N的处理效果仍可达61%~76%,对TN的去除率可达66%~80%,对CODCr的去除率一直维持在78%~92%之间。     

不同基质上着生生物群落生态学特性比较研究

为了寻找最佳采样基质和方法,研究使用各种不同自然和人工基质对天然水体中的着生生物群落进行了采样。自然基质选取菹草、光壳钉螺和沿岸石块。人工基质采样装置由载玻片和染色架构成．使用时悬挂于河水之中。对各基质上的着生生物现存量、藻类细胞密度、着生藻类叶绿素a和着生生物干重等生态学指标进行了分析和比较．并简要分析了造成差异的原因。分析结果表明,各基质上着生藻类在种类组成上基本相似,以硅藻门、绿藻门为主。优势藻种为舟形藻属短小舟形藻、异极藻属缢缩异极藻和脆杆藻属克洛脆杆藻。不同基质上着生藻类的组成与藻类习性和细胞构造有关,与基质无关。但是不同基质也造成藻种间多样性的差异．这可能与基质表面粗糙程度、水流方向有关。附石藻类表征水体污染效果最好,所以建议采样时选取形状规则的石块为基质．最能反映着生生物群落的真实情况。     

同步脱氮除硫工艺基质及产物对发光细菌的急性毒性

为了研究同步脱氮除硫工艺基质及产物对同步脱氮除硫过程的影响,采用发光细菌法测定了该工艺基质及产物的急性毒性.试验结果表明,硫化物、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的15min-半抑制浓度(即IC50)分别为78.1、12077.8、254.5、3852.1、1066.3mg·L-1.按照等效浓度混合法测定,各基质及产物的联合毒性为:硫化物与硫酸盐、硫化物与硝酸盐、硫化物与亚硫酸盐均呈加成作用;硫化物与亚硝酸盐呈协同作用;硫化物、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐5元混合体系呈加成作用.