对印染废水治理的几点思考

结合轻工纺织化纤类环评工程师登记培训及日常工作中有关印染废水治理的一些经验和做法，分析探讨了目前印染废水处理工艺技术中存在的问题，诸如提高印染废水的可生化性、降低活性污泥的产量、以及碱减量、退浆废水局部预处理、色度去除的专项处理等问题，提出了可行的解决方案。     

建立基于EGSS 的中国环保产业统计框架的思路

欧盟统计署制定的环境货物和服务部门(environmental goods and services sector,EGSS)统计框架是目前国际认可的专门用于环保产业统计的框架体系,具有全面性、多维性和一致性等特点。本文分析了目前中国环保产业统计概况,初步比较了通过公开的常规统计数据收集EGSS数据和环保产业调查收集EGSS数据的可行性,提出实施"分阶段渐进式"策略逐步引入EGSS统计框架较为可行。     

Evaluating and Managing Cumulative Effects: Process and Constraints

Since any proposed activity could contribute to a wide range of potential CEs at different spatial and temporal scales, a tiered or nested approach should be followed to assess CEs. The difficulty of assessing and predicting CEs also suggests that in many cases the most efficient approach is to focus on minimizing on-site impacts. Under some circumstances adaptive management can also be a viable alternative to detailed CE assessments. Regular monitoring and feedback is critical to the successful management and regulation of CEs.     

Exploring the emergence of a tipping point for conservation with increased recognition of social considerations

Despite a common understanding of the harmful impacts of Western conservation models that separate people from nature, widespread progress toward incorporating socioeconomic, political, cultural, and spiritual considerations in conservation practice is lacking. For some, the concept of nature-based solutions (NbS) is seen as an interdisciplinary and holistic pathway to better integrate human well-being in conservation. We examined how conservation practitioners in the United States view NbS and how social considerations are or are not incorporated in conservation adaptation projects. We interviewed 28 individuals working on 15 different such projects associated with the Wildlife Conservation Society's Climate Adaptation Fund. We completed 2 rounds of iterative coding in NVivo 12.6.1 to identify in the full text of all interview responses an a priori set of themes related to our research questions and emergent themes. Many respondents saw this moment as a tipping point for the field (one in which the perceived values of social considerations are increasing in conservation practice) (76%) and that social justice concerns and the need to overcome racist and colonial roots of Western conservation have risen to the forefront. Respondents also tentatively agreed that NbS in conservation could support social and ecological outcomes for conservation, but that it was far from guaranteed. Despite individual intention and awareness among practitioners to incorporate social considerations in conservation practice, structural barriers, including limited funding and inflexible grant structures, continue to constrain systemic change. Ultimately, systemic changes that address power and justice in policy and practice are required to leverage this moment to more fully address social considerations in conservation.     

Nontraditional settlement patterns and typhoon hazard on contemporary Majuro atoll,Republic of the Marshall Islands

Low-lying islands and atolls are particularly prone to storm surges created by tropical depressions and typhoons. This paper presents a case study of traditional and contemporary settlement patterns of Majuro, the capital of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and discusses its vulnerability to such storm surges. The paper shows that the application of traditional knowledge extends to the realm of urban planning and that, in fact, ignoring this traditional knowledge as expressed in pre-World War II settlement patterns, exposes urban development to increased flood hazards, a risk which may exact a price too high in life and property.     

中国湿地生态质量预警研究

简要介绍了中国湿地的特点、主要类型、开发利用现状以及中国湿地生态环境面临的主要问题;分析了湿地生态系统的整体性、结构的复杂性、调控的滞后性、系统的脆弱性与敏感性等4个基本特征,指出了开展湿地生态质量预警研究的理论与实践意义,阐述了湿地生态质量预警系统所包含的警义、警情、警源、警兆、警度和预测模型等基本内容,并提出了构建中国湿地生态质量预警系统的基本思路和方法。     

Improving traffic safety: Conceptual considerations for successful action

Introduction

In the early stages of motorization, it did not take rigorous scientific research to achieve major improvements in traffic safety. Instead, early traffic-safety countermeasures were often based exclusively on common sense. Since then, scientific research has gradually increased in importance as the basis for developing successful interventions. This shift was not made by choice but mostly by necessity: Many of the “easy” problems have already been addressed, and the remaining problems are generally too complex for an approach based solely on common sense. Fortunately, our understanding of the complexities involved in traffic safety has recently made major gains, and common sense can now be supplemented, to some degree, by valid technical analysis.

Approach

This article discusses major conceptual issues that should be considered in guiding the future development of effective, science-based traffic-safety countermeasures.

Impact on industry

After briefly discussing the conceptual issues, the article offers a list of implications for action.     

对烟花爆竹监管工作的几点思考

结合河南烟花爆竹企业的特点,贯彻落实国务院《烟花爆竹安全管理条例》,提出理顺体制,落实责任,规范准入标准和行政许可;明确省、市、县三级安监职责;新设立生产企业必须达到一定的规模标准;严格执行“三同时”制度,规范经营许可制度,外供烟花爆竹备案制度等。狠抓专项整治,深入开展安全检查,推行安全标准化活动,使企业达到“工厂设计标准化,生产工艺标准化,安全操作标准化,安全管理标准化”,增强企业防范事故能力。联合执法是安全执法的重要形式,由政府组织安监、公安、工商、环保、电力等部门联合行动,建立联席会议制度,定期互通情况,联合查处案件,对非法生产经营的窝点和地下小作坊等,采取严打、取缔行动,确保烟花爆竹安全生产。     

发展循环经济建设节约型社会——蓬莱市的实践与思考

发展循环经济、创建节约型社会,是贯彻落实科学发展观的必然要求,体现了以人为本、可持续发展的理念,是我国全面建设小康社会的战略选择,符合当今世界的发展潮流。山东蓬莱市在发展循环经济、建设节约型社会中进行了很好的实践,通过调查和解析蓬莱市发展循环经济的策略和实践经验,将会给我们新的启迪。     

A framework to guide the conservation of species hybrids based on ethical and ecological considerations

Species hybrids have long been undervalued in conservation and are often perceived as a threat to pure species. Recently, the conservation value of hybrids, especially those of natural origin, has gained recognition; however, hybrid conservation remains controversial. We reviewed hybrid management policies, including laws, regulations, and management protocols, from a variety of organizations, primarily in Canada and the United States. We found that many policies are based on limited ethical and ecological considerations and provide little opportunity for hybrid conservation. In most policies, hybrids are either unrepresented or considered a threat to conservation goals. This is problematic because our review of the hybrid conservation literature identified many ethical and ecological considerations relevant to determining the conservation value of a hybrid, all of which are management‐context specific. We also noted a lack of discussion of the ethical considerations regarding hybrid conservation. Based on these findings, we created a policy framework outlining situations in which hybrids could be eligible for conservation in Canada and the United States. The framework comprises a decision tree that helps users determine whether a hybrid should be eligible for conservation based on multiple ecological and ethical considerations. The framework may be applied to any hybrid and is flexible in that it accommodates context‐specific management by allowing different options if a hybrid is a threat to or could benefit conservation goals. The framework can inform policy makers and conservationists in decision‐making processes regarding hybrid conservation by providing a systematic set of decision criteria and guidance on additional criteria to be considered in cases of uncertainty, and it fills a policy gap that limits current hybrid management.