Two-echelon closed-loop supply chain deterministic inventory models in a batch production environment

This paper considers a two-echelon closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a remanufacturer at the upper echelon and a retailer at the lower echelon. The retailer faces a constant demand from customers, which is satisfied through recovered and new products received from the remanufacturer and the manufacturer, respectively. The manufacturer produces the product with finite rate, whereas the recovery of returned product is instantaneous at the remanufacturer. We develop three models to determine the optimal production-inventory policy of the players for minimizing the joint total cost of the system. In the first model, the retailer receives the product in batches from the manufacturer and the remanufacture simultaneously, whereas in the second and third models, the batches are received alternatively. In the third model, however, the procurement of raw material at the manufacturer is also considered. Numerical illustration is presented to examine the impact of certain key parameters.     

Performance evaluation of reverse logistics enterprise – an agent-based simulation approach

Reverse logistics (RL) has been applied in many industries and sectors since its conception. Unlike forward logistics, retracing consumer goods from the point of consumption to the point of inception is not a well-studied process. It involves many uncertainties such as time, quality and quantity of returns. The returned products can be remanufactured, have parts harvested, or be disposed safely. It is important to implement these activities in a cost-effective manner. The aim of this research is to measure the performance of the RL enterprise with the help of an agent-based simulation model. The major entities in the RL network are considered as Agents that can act independently. There are several different agents: collector agent, sorting-cum-reuse agent, remanufacturing agent, recycler agent, supplier agent and distributor agent. The individual performances of the agents are measured and recommendations are given to improve their performance, leading to the enhancement of the total performance of the RL enterprise. The approach is applied to a case study involving cell phone remanufacturing.     

废旧轮胎再制造过程的环境污染及防治研究

随着汽车和轮胎行业的迅速发展,由此产生的废旧轮胎也逐年增加。废旧轮胎再利用技术既可解决橡胶资源短缺问题,又能消除黑色污染,是循环经济的重要环节,在推广这一技术的同时,应注意其伴生的环境污染。再利用生产主要分为清洗、打磨、粘中垫胶、粘预硫化胎面、低温硫化等步骤。此过程将产生粉尘、非甲烷总烃废气、橡胶颗粒以及清洗废水等污染物。应对这些污染物采取有效的治理措施,使其满足达标排放和无害化的要求,以达到经济利益和环境保护的双赢。     

再制造工程——末端产品最佳资源化方式

再制造工程是一种末端产品的资源化利用方式。阐述了再制造工程的内涵、在全生命周期中的地位及国内外发展现状，分析了再制造所能够带来的巨大的资源效益、经济效益、社会效益和环境效益，得出结论：再制造工程是末端产品进行资源化处理的最佳利用方式。     

绿色再制造工业发展综述

绿色再制造工业是一个新兴工业，能够生产低价格、高品质、高环保的产品来满足公众需求，并为社会发展节约大量能源和材料。绿色再制造工业能够使社会财富进入健康的增长和可持续发展时期。通过综述再制造工业的发展历史、现状和巨大效益，提出再制造业的发展趋势，为再制造工业的研究提供有益参考。     

Pollution prevention in the pharmaceutical industry

The pharmaceutical industry traditionally uses complex batch-type processes in the manufacture of medicines, although the production of specific medicines by continuous processes is currently envisaged. Due to the diversity of these processes, it is difficult to define a general set of waste prevention guidelines that would apply to all drug manufacturing. The most applicable methods of prevention can, however, be delineated for each of the five steps in the pharmaceutical manufacturing, i.e. (i) research and development, (ii) chemical synthesis, (iii) natural product extraction, (iv) fermentation and (v) product formulation. Waste streams generally arise from cleaning and sterilising equipment, chemical spills, rejected by-products and the processes themselves. Prevention mainly involves waste reduction by materials substitution, process modification/optimisation, waste stream segregation and solvent waste recycling. These measures are assessed and lead to guidelines for waste minimisation methods according to the waste streams under scrutiny.     

机床再制造产业发展国际比较及其启示

机床再制造属于节能环保型新兴产业,我国的机床再制造产业发展与发达国家相比有着较大差距。通过对国内外机床再制造产业发展现状进行比较,寻求促进产业发展的途径,提出了自主创新、优质品牌和两化融合等三大战略,以及注重调整产业结构、有效开展技术创新、着力提升生产水平、切实加强品牌建设、积极开拓营销渠道和全面实施节能环保等六大举措。     

关于我国报废汽车市场发展趋势的初步研究

随着汽车保有量的快速上升,我国报废汽车市场规模正在进入快速增长区间。根据发达国家的经验,报废汽车拆解与回收利用是循环经济产业的重要支柱。未来我国报废汽车市场规模的增长以及相关资源回收利用市场的发展,将会产生许多新的市场机会,也会对我国循环经济产业发展产生较大影响。     

Quantitative sustainability assessment of remanufacturing waste reinforcing steel

Construction is a major contributor to the solid waste stream globally and various recycling strategies are being evaluated to recover valuable resources. As a novel strategy, remanufacturing waste reinforcing steel bar (rebar) pieces from concrete waste to produce nails was applied on an industrial scale to prove the technical feasibility, where a group of alternatives were developed based on commercially available industrial machinery. The calculated economic and environmental feasibility values are sufficiently high for industrial application, and the most appropriate remanufacturing technological alternative was identified. The sustainability equation was solved to find the social feasibility and overall remanufacturing sustainability index. Rebar waste remanufacturing has a high triple-bottom-line sustainability index of 0.885. Based on the proposed process, small remanufacturing companies can be developed, thereby aiding employment and human development by earning profit of 1904–8880 USD/day. The findings of this study are beneficial to decision makers in government and industry and are globally relevant because concrete waste is ubiquitous worldwide.     

再制造的竞争优势博弈

在＂再制造有利可图＂条件下,建立完全信息和不完全信息的动态博弈模型,分析了＂领先者＂和＂追随者＂再制造企业如何获得竞争优势、保持竞争优势和扭转竞争劣势。结果表明：领先者再制造企业可以获得超额利润,积累竞争实力;领先者再制造企业具有＂先发优势＂,保持并扩大竞争优势的概率更大;追随者再制造企业可以借助再制造水平优势,扭转竞争劣势。