厌氧填埋垃圾降解阶段指标体系的建立

以厌氧填埋场中垃圾的降解过程为依托点,从渗滤液的水质特征和填埋气的组成两个方面筛选出判断指标,最后建立判断填埋垃圾降解阶段的指标体系.结果表明,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)可以反映出渗滤液的可生化性,从而间接反映出填埋垃圾所处的降解阶段,是判断填埋垃圾降解阶段的重要定量指标.     

新型生物膜光纤传感器测定溴化物的研究

用新型生物膜作载体制成的光纤传感器对工业废水中的溴化物进行了测定,溴化物的线性范围为８×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ～２×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ;相对标准偏差为０８％;响应时间为２～３ｍｉｎ。     

生物法净化低浓度苯乙烯有机废气填料的选择及运行功效

采用培养驯化的污泥菌种,对1#陶粒、2#陶粒、塑料小球和沸石4种填料进行生物挂膜,通过对比筛选,选择性能优越的1#陶粒作为滴滤塔填料净化苯乙烯废气,结果表明,在进气量Q=0.6 m3/h,循环喷液量L=90 L/min,进气负荷小于180 g/(m3·h),去除负荷可达到163 g/(m3·h),苯乙烯净化效率达到90%以上.     

Miscanthus × Giganteus straw and pellets as sustainable fuels and raw material for activated carbon

Miscanthus × Giganteus is an excellent candidate for energy cultivation. Here we report, for the first time, the results of the pyrolysis of Miscanthus × Giganteus straw or pellets both in tubular reactor (3–6 g) and in rotary kiln (10–30 g). At 400–600°C the fractions obtained from both reactors are: solid 16–25 (wt.%); liquids 25–40; water 15–20 and gases 15–50. GC-MS analyses of pyrolysis liquids reveal the occurrence of phenolic derivatives and ethanol from lignin, furanic and linear oxygenated compounds from cellulose and hemicellulose. Finally the chars produced by the pyrolysis of M×G pellets in rotary kiln present good calorific values close to 29,000 J/g. Additionally, activated carbons with a BET surface area as high as 800–900 m²/g are produced from pellets. These results indicate that chars have a good potential either for energy production, e.g. briquetting, or as adsorbents precursors.     

高速公路生活区污水处理初探

通过对高速公路生活区污水特点的分析及各种生活污水处理的工艺比较向人们提供一种适合高速公路生活区污水处理的工艺。     

分置式膜-生物反应器处理生活污水及其体积负荷的确定

分置式膜－生物反应器处理生活污水的运行结果表明,在不同的污泥龄和水力停留时间下,处理效果稳定,污泥上清液中ＣＯＤ浓度平均为１９．５ｍ ｇ／Ｌ,膜出水ＣＯＤ浓度平均为５．３ｍ ｇ／Ｌ． 对分置式－生物反应器的体积负荷进行推导表明,浓缩区的存在是该工艺处理能力较大的原因． 体积负荷由膜出水有机物浓度与污泥混合液有机物浓度之比α,浓缩区与反应器体积之比β和膜出水量与污泥混合液循环流量之比λ决定,即可以通过增加浓缩区体积和调整循环流量来控制分置式－生物反应器的处理能力．     

山西煤矿的生态环境问题及其对策

详细论述了山西煤矿因采煤而引发的区域性自然灾害，水环境污染，水资源枯竭，水土流失等生态环境问题，并对其提出相应的治理措施。     

Triclosan,a commonly used bactericide found in human milk and in the aquatic environment in Sweden

High levels of the commonly used, effective bactericide Triclosan was found in three out of five randomly selected human milk samples. It was also found in the bile of fish exposed to municipal wastewater and in wild living fish from the receiving waters of the three wastewater treatment plants.     

Effect of solvent on the hydrothermal liquefaction of macro algae Ulva fasciata

Hydrothermal liquefaction is an attractive approach for the conversion of aquatic biomass like algae as it does not require the energy intensive drying steps. The objective of the study is to understand the effect of various solvents (H₂O, CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH) on product distribution and nature of products of hydrothermal liquefaction of macro algae Ulva fasciata (MAUF). Hydrothermal liquefaction of MAUF was performed using subcritical H₂O (300 °C) as well as supercritical organic solvents CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH (300 °C). The use of alcoholic solvents significantly increased the bio-oil yield. The bio-oil yield was 44% and 40% in case of liquefaction with CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH respectively whereas the bio-oil yield was 11% with H₂O. Use of alcoholic solvents converted the acids obtained in bio-oil to the corresponding methyl and ethyl esters. ¹H NMR data showed that use of alcoholic solvents (C₂H₅OH and CH₃OH) increased aliphatic content of bio-oil1 (ether/methanol/ethanol fraction). FTIR and SEM results showed the difference in the bio residue obtained using alcoholic solvents and H₂O. The results showed that liquefaction with supercritical alcohols is an effective way to produce functional hydrocarbons for chemical feedstock.     

港口污水膜生物反应器回用处理技术研究

系统地论述了膜生物反应器的反应特征、去除机理，及其在港口污水中水回用处理应用的可行性。结果表明，膜生物接触氧化法用于港口污水处理，具有出水水质稳定、占地面积少、去除效率高等特点。经预处理后的港口污水再行由膜生物接触氧化反应器处理后可直接用作回用水。