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The residual levels and dissipation rate of trichlorfon, and its degradation product, dichlorvos, in cabbage crops and the soil in which these were grown, were determined by gas chromatography at two geographically distant experimental sites, one in Kunming and one in Beijing, China. Trichlorfon was applied at two dosages (900 g ai ha−1 and 1350 g ai ha−1). Maximum final residues of trichlorfon in soil and cabbage were 1.23 mg kg−1 and 1.81 mg kg−1 respectively at Kunming, and 0.35 mg kg−1 and 0.70 mg kg−1 respectively at Beijing. However, the final residues of dichlorvos in both cabbage and soil was only 0.04 mg kg−1 at Kunming, and only 0.03 mg kg−1, or “not detectable”, at Beijing. The mean half-life of trichlorfon in cabbage was 1.80 d with a dissipation rate of 90% over 5 d, while that in soil was 3.05 d with a dissipation rate of 90% over 14 d at one experimental site. The dissipation rates of trichlorfon and its degradation product dichlorvos at the two experimental sites were different, suggesting that degradation of these pesticides was affected by local soil characteristics and climate. When applied at both the recommended dosage and at 1.5 times this, no detectable residues of either trichlorfon or dichlorvos were found in soil or cabbage at harvest. Although trichlorfon can easily degrade into dichlorvos, which is highly toxic to humans and other animals, the observed low residual levels of dichlorvos suggest that trichlorfon is safe when applied at the recommended dosage. 相似文献
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SUMITRA ARORA MADHUBAN GOPAL 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):949-963
Iprodione (3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-isopropyl-2,4-dioxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamide) bio-assayed against fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was found to be highly effective for inhibiting these desapers. Inhibition of A. brassicicola was 100% up to the dose of 75 ppm and for S. sclerotiorum there was 50% inhibition for the same concentration. Formulation of the pesticide was applied @ 500 and 1000 g. a.i./ha on the cabbage crop grown in the fields. Residues in the edible sample of cabbage were analyzed by gas choromatography for the fungicide and its metabolites. The dissipation of residues of the fungicide and its bio-efficacy against two fungi are presented. It dissipated from 3.72 to 0.072 μg/g on cabbage head by 15 days after treatment. The EC50 values of iprodione were found to be 11.5 ppm and 79.4 ppm for A. brassicicola and S. sclerotiorum, respectively. Half-life of iprodione was found to be 3 days for both cabbage head and leaves. The compatibility of the fungicide with a bio agent, T. harzianum was also studied and these two were not found to be compatible. 相似文献
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《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》1997,65(1):15-21
An electronically-controlled time-sorting pitfall trap was designed which improves upon earlier models in having a 24-h rotation time, and in being capable of running continuously for at least one week without attention. Four prototypes were built, using readily available, inexpensive components, and used from June to October, 1995, to collect carabid beetles and linyphiid spiders in clover-undersown and weeded cabbages. The traps operated without malfunction during the hottest weather ever recorded in Aberdeen, when soil surface temperatures exceeded 40°C, and also during periods of torrential rain. Three spider and two carabid species dominated the catch, their nocturnal and diurnal patterns of activity being in general agreement with other published data. Some predators were apparently able to adapt to the contrasting vegetation in the two treatments, two species of Erigone spiders being nocturnal in weeded cabbages but tending to be diurnal in undersown crops. 相似文献
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Host location behavior of Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in ambient and moderately elevated ozone in field conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pinto DM Himanen SJ Nissinen A Nerg AM Holopainen JK 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(1):227-231
In field O3-enrichment experiments increased herbivore densities have been reported, which could be due to negatively affected host location behavior of natural enemies. We addressed the impact of doubling background O3 on the host location of the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae by conducting 24-h trials in an open-air O3-fumigation system during two consecutive years. Two circles (radii 1.40 and 4.00 m) of Plutella xylostella-infested potted cabbage plants were placed in the O3 and ambient plots. Female wasps were released into each plot from the center, and observed 5 times over a 24-h period to assess their host location capability. Thereafter, plants were kept in laboratory conditions until larvae pupation to determine parasitism rates. No significant differences were detected between ambient and O3-enriched environments either in the number of wasps found in the field, or in the percentages of parasitized larvae. This suggests that moderately elevated O3 will not affect the behavior of this parasitoid. 相似文献
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1994年夏季调查和测定了南京市市售青菜中甲胺磷、乐果、甲基-1605等5种有机磷农药残留量。结果表明,夏季青菜(包括青菜秧)中有机磷农药残留量有超标现象,其中甲胺磷在青菜中的平均残留量为0.063mg/kg,超标率为11.5%,其余4种有机磷农药在青菜中未检出。 相似文献
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磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液调控下白菜对钼矿区重金属污染土壤的修复 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用ICP-AES分析土壤及植物体中各种重金属元素的含量,研究了在磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液在其不同浓度梯度下投加,白菜地上部分对钼矿区重金属污染土壤的修复潜力。结果表明:投加磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液的条件下均能显著提高白菜的地上部分富集土壤中重金属元素的能力(Cd除外),但缓冲溶液对白菜积累重金属能力的促进作用也存在重金属元素种类及浓度梯度之间的差异;投加磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液可以提高白菜对土壤中重金属的富集系数(Hg、Mo、Zn最为显著)。 相似文献
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