Guest dechlorination and covalent capture following photoexcitation of inclusion complexes in water

Photoexcitation of complexes between cyclophane 1 and 1- or 2-chloronaphthalene in aqueous solution leads to rapid dechlorination of the guest, a reaction driven by electron transfer from host to excited guest. The main photoproducts contain a naphthyl group covalently attached to the host framework. The results may lead to new approaches for remediating water contaminated with chlorinated aromatic compounds.     

宁镇山脉岩基岩浆的化学演化

本文根据四个杂岩体中主要矿物的化学成分和全岩主要元素资料,利用T·L·Wright(1984)提供的质量平衡计算程序来模拟它们的成因,然后再用微量元素来检验和完善上述模式。定量模拟结果表明,分离结晶作用是造成这些杂岩体在岩石学和地球化学上分异的主要原因,并可用斜长石,角闪石、黑云母、磷灰石和榍石的分步分离来解释各杂岩体的成分变化,但对每一个杂岩体来说矿物分离比例可大不相同。微量元素的检验结果和主要元素的模拟趋势基本一致,但分离矿物的绝对值可不完全相同。     

Methidathion Complexes with Homoionic and Surfactant-Modified Montmorillonites

Abstract

The formation of the insecticide methidathion (S-[(5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-yl)methyl] O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) complexes with inorganic cation-saturated (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ni²⁺) montmorillonites was investigated. The nature and structure of the complexes was determined by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The arrangement of the pesticide molecule in the interlayer space was also considered from ab initio calculations using simpler related molecules. The insecticide methidathion penetrated the interlayer spaces of the homoionic clay samples. The ligand–cation interactions in these complexes depend on the nature and characteristics of the saturating cations. Mechanisms involving water bridges and direct coordination with the exchange cation were proposed for the adsorption of methidathion by inorganic cation-saturated montmorillonites. The effect of the inorganic cations on the sorption of the cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) by montmorillonite was also studied and the subsequent sorption of methidathion in TDTMA⁺-Montmorillonite determined. Van der Waals bonds constitute the methidathion adsorption mechanism by montmorillonite saturated with TDTMA⁺. The arrangements of methidathion and of the cationic surfactant molecules in the montmorillonite interlayer space were demostrated.     

Iron interference on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectra of condensed tannins

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to reveal the influence of iron on the detectability of condensed tannins extracted from Picea abies. Iron chloride mixed with condensed tannins suppresses the detection of tannins by MALDI-TOF MS in a dose-dependent manner. Total suppression is observed at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg FeCl₃ g^–1 of sample. At lower concentrations, spectrum quality is still greatly reduced, but short chain tannins are detected. At 100 mg FeCl₃ g^–1 of sample, iron increased the intensity of the tannin galloyl ester peaks above those of the corresponding tannin polymers. This points to an antagonistic effect of the galloyl ester moiety on iron complexation with condensed tannins and, thus, their reduced susceptibility to iron interference during MALDI-TOF MS.     

三价铁及其络合物光化学行为的研究进展

天然水体中,铁在氧化态与还原态、颗粒态与溶解态之间的循环有很重要的环境意义,对于天然水相的光化学氧化还原具有重要贡献。铁及其络合物具有很好的光化学反应活性,加速了天然水体环境中污染物的迁移转化速率。