基层环境统计年报中的问题及建议

环境统计工作是环境保护工作中的基础,是各级政府和环境保护行政主管部门制定环境保护政策和计划、加强环境监督管理和污染防治的重要依据。本文结合日常工作经验,就目前基层环境统计工作中存在的问题进行探讨,并提出一些建议。     

Advancing injury and violence prevention through data science

Introduction: The volume of new data that is created each year relevant to injury and violence prevention continues to grow. Furthermore, the variety and complexity of the types of useful data has also progressed beyond traditional, structured data. In order to more effectively advance injury research and prevention efforts, the adoption of data science tools, methods, and techniques, such as natural language processing and machine learning, by the field of injury and violence prevention is imperative. Method: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control has conducted numerous data science pilot projects and recently developed a Data Science Strategy. This strategy includes goals on expanding the availability of more timely data systems, improving rapid identification of health threats and responses, increasing access to accurate health information and preventing misinformation, improving data linkages, expanding data visualization efforts, and increasing efficiency of analytic and scientific processes for injury and violence, among others. Results: To achieve these goals, CDC is expanding its data science capacity in the areas of internal workforce, partnerships, and information technology infrastructure. Practical Application: These efforts will expand the use of data science approaches to improve how CDC and the field address ongoing injury and violence priorities and challenges.     

排污权交易之排放跟踪数据校核研究

本文以排污权交易的核心业务排放跟踪管理为出发点,选择电厂二氧化硫指标进行排放跟踪数据过程校核体系研究,探索进一步提高排污权交易体系中排放数据准确性的机制。     

环境统计在环境保护中的应用

环境统计是用数字反映并计量人类活动引起的环境变化和环境变化对人类影响的工作。从统计工作实践出发,通过能源环境统计数据、环境质量统计数据和污染源排放统计数据在日常环境管理中的应用实例,总结出环境统计在环境保护中的应用价值,以期引起对环境统计工作的重视。     

基于DEA-Malmquist的我国城市物质代谢效率评价

运用数据包络分析与麦氏指数(DEA-Malmquist),从"技术效率"、"技术变动效率"和"全要素生产率"三个方面,对我国34个城市从2005年到2007年的物质代谢效率进行实证分析,结果表明:物质代谢效率的总体水平不高,被评估的34个城市中有19个城市在评价期间是无效率的,主要分布在西部地区;并且整体而言,"全要素生产率"和"技术变动效率"要优于"技术效率";结果还表明:34个城市物质代谢的"技术效率"普遍处于中等水平,没有呈现出明显的空间分布差异,但是"技术变动效率"则在长三角地区的城市中体现出较为明显的优势,最后,提出了针对性的建议。     

环境监测数据结果评价

环境监测是为了获得准确的环境信息数据,以便为环境评价、环境管理和环境治理提供依据。监测数据是否具有代表性,必须通过数据分析才能确定。文章通过介绍对监测数据的精密性、准确性和合理性检验,论述了监测数据的代表性。     

空气自动监测网络数据有效性的自动化判别

以山东省空气自动监测网监测数据有效性的自动化判别为例,阐述了自动化判别的主要思路、判别程序和判别规则,探讨了省级或区域级空气自动监测网络的数据自动化判别方法.     

便携β射线法手工监测PM_(2.5)的可行性研究

提出利用自动射线原理结合重量法的简捷便携特点的便携射线仪手工监测PM2.5的思路,平行比对了便携射线法和手工重量法所测60组PM2.5浓度的监测结果,采用线性回归及T检验、F检验等理论分析了两者数据结果间的有效性和可比性。结果表明,便携式射线仪监测结果与重量法监测结果之间有效可比且得到了两者间的线性回归方程;此外进行了20组数据的实样验证,换算值和真值之间相对误差在8%以内,因而确定了便携射线仪手工监测PM2.5的可行性。     

丹东生态环境监测业务系统设计与实现

丹东生态环境监测业务系统是用于生态环境监测日常业务观测,编制各类观测报文及数据上网传输的实用型业务系统。系统采取多窗157结构框架,合理布局功能窗口界面,兼容了地面气象观测数据文件格式,统一数据检查标准,观测数据处理更为准确有效。并以VB6．0可视化语言为开发工具适应不用版本Windows操作系统。基于生态环境监测数据统计、数据分析和数据发布为一体的多功能业务应用软件。     

Assessment of the clear-sky bias issue using continuous PM10 data from two AERONET sites in Korea

A bias in clear-sky conditions that will be involved in estimating particulate matter(PM)concentration from aerosol optical depth(AOD) was examined using PM_(10) from two Aerosol Robotic Network sites in Korea. The study periods were between 2004 and 2007 at Anmyon and between 2003 and 2011 at Gosan, when both PM_(10) and AOD were available. Mean PM_(10) when AOD was available(PM AOD) was higher than that from all PM_(10)data(PM all) by 5.1 and9.9 μg/m~3 at Anmyon and Gosan, which accounted for 11% and 26% of PM all, respectively.Because of a difference between mean PM_(10) under daytime clear-sky conditions(PM clear)and PM AOD, the variations in ΔPM_(10), the difference of PM all from PM clear rather than from PM AOD, were investigated. Although monthly variations in ΔPM_(10)at the two sites were different, they were positively correlated to those in ΔT, similarly defined as ΔPM_(10)except for temperature, at both sites. ΔPM_(10)at Anmyon decreased to a negative value in January due to an influence of the Siberian continental high-pressure system while ΔPM_(10)at Gosan was high in winter due to an effect of photochemical production at higher temperatures than at Anmyon.