Steel slags in a landfill top cover – Experiences from a full-scale experiment

A full scale field study has been carried out in order to test and evaluate the use of slags from high-alloy steel production as the construction materials for a final cover of an old municipal landfill. Five test areas were built using different slag mixtures within the barrier layer (liner). The cover consisted of a foundation layer, a liner with a thickness of 0.7 m, a drainage layer of 0.3 m, a protection layer of 1.5 m and a vegetation layer of 0.25 m. The infiltration varied depending on the cover design used, mainly the liner recipe but also over time and was related to seasons and precipitation intensity. The test areas with liners composed of 50% electric arc furnace (EAF) slag and 50% cementitious ladle slag (LS) on a weight basis and with a proper consistence of the protection layer were found to meet the Swedish infiltration criteria of ?50 l (m² a)^?1 for final covers for landfills for non-hazardous waste: the cumulative infiltration rates to date were 44, 19 and 0.4 l (m² a)^?1 for A1, A4 and A5, respectively. Compared to the precipitation, the portion of leachate was always lower after the summer despite high precipitation from June to August. The main reason for this is evapotranspiration but also the fact that the time delay in the leachate formation following a precipitation event has a stronger effect during the shorter summer sampling periods than the long winter periods. Conventional techniques and equipment can be used but close cooperation between all involved partners is crucial in order to achieve the required performance of the cover. This includes planning, method and equipment testing and quality assurance.     

Environmental impact assessment on the construction and operation of municipal solid waste sanitary landfills in developing countries: China case study

An inventory of material and energy consumption during the construction and operation (C&O) of a typical sanitary landfill site in China was calculated based on Chinese industrial standards for landfill management and design reports. The environmental impacts of landfill C&O were evaluated through life cycle assessment (LCA). The amounts of materials and energy used during this type of undertaking in China are comparable to those in developed countries, except that the consumption of concrete and asphalt is significantly higher in China. A comparison of the normalized impact potential between landfill C&O and the total landfilling technology implies that the contribution of C&O to overall landfill emissions is not negligible. The non-toxic impacts induced by C&O can be attributed mainly to the consumption of diesel used for daily operation, while the toxic impacts are primarily due to the use of mineral materials. To test the influences of different landfill C&O approaches on environmental impacts, six baseline alternatives were assessed through sensitivity analysis. If geomembranes and geonets were utilized to replace daily and intermediate soil covers and gravel drainage systems, respectively, the environmental burdens of C&O could be mitigated by between 2% and 27%. During the LCA of landfill C&O, the research scope or system boundary has to be declared when referring to material consumption values taken from the literature; for example, the misapplication of data could lead to an underestimation of diesel consumption by 60–80%.     

固体废弃物填埋场中土工膜衬垫系统的发展与应用

固体废弃物填埋场中产生的渗滤液污染土壤和地下水 ,在填埋场正确设置防渗的衬垫系统是非常重要的。本文对国外土工膜衬垫系统在填埋场中的发展应用进行介绍和评价 ,分析了土工膜的选用原则 ,有助于我国合理和有效的进行土工膜衬垫的设置     

有害废物安全填埋场衬里系统设计方案的研讨

本文通过沈阳有害废物安全填埋场双层衬里系统设计方案的分析论证，结合“八五”攻关课题内容提出研讨性意见，认为双层复合衫衬里系统不是必选的衬里构造．“八五”期间，应研制符合国情、技术上先进、经济上合理的安全填埋技术．     

我国填埋场渗滤液控制现状、问题与解决途径

从地表径流、地下径流、防渗材料与方法、渗滤液收排、地表覆盖层、渗滤液处理技术等方面,对我国填埋场渗滤液技术现状进行了评述,在此基础上分析了存在的主要问题,重点阐述渗滤液产生量过大的原因,最后提出了解决问题的技术途径。