COMPARISON OF RESERVOIR LINEAR OPERATION RULES USING LINEAR AND DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING1

ABSTRACT: Mathematical optimization techniques are used to study the operation and design of a single, multi-purpose reservoir system. Optimal monthly release policies are derived for Hoover Reservoir, located in Central Ohio, using chance-constrained linear programming and dynamic programming-regression methodologies. Important characteristics of the former approach are derived, discussed, and graphically illustrated using Hoover Reservoir as a case example. Simulation procedures are used to examine and compare the overall performance of the optimal monthly reservoir release policies derived under the two approaches. Results indicate that, for the mean detention time and the corresponding safe yield target water supply release under existing design of Hoover Reservoir, the dynamic programming policies produce lower average annual losses (as defined by a two-sided quadratic loss function) while achieving at least as high reliability levels when compared to policies derived under the chance-constrained linear programming method. In making this comparison, the reservoir release policies, although not identical, are assumed to be linear. This restricted form of the release policy is necessary to make the chance-constrained programming method mathematically tractable.     

A STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR THE OPTIMUM OPERATION OF A MULTI-PURPOSE RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: The main objective of this paper is to present a stockastic dynamic programming model useful in determining the optimal operating policy of a single multipurpose surface reservoir. It is the unreliability of forecasting the amount of future streamflow which makes the problem of a reservoir operation a stochastic process. In this paper the stochastic nature of the streamflow is taken into account by considering the correlation between the streamflows of each pair of consecutive time intervals. This interdependence is used to calculate the probability of transition from a given state and stage to its succeeding ones. A dynamic programming model with a physical equation and a stochastic recursive equation is developed to find the optimum operational policy. For illustrative purposes, the model is applied to a real surface water reservoir system.     

测井剖面定量地层对比新技术

根据岩性地层对比原理,本文提出一个测井剖面定量地层对比模式。该模式由三部份组成:1.利用“多变量最优分段方法”将两对比测井剖面的地层进行分段处理;2.利用“爬山法”计算分属不同测井剖面的任意两段地层之间的相似性指标;3.根据相似性指标,利用“动态规划”方法确定地层对比结果。本文还利用上述模式进行了定量地层对比的实例研究,其结果比较令人满意。     

德国的工业危险废物管理

工业危险废物管理已是当务之急。德国有较成功的经验，文章介绍了德国对工业危险废物管理的过程和处理方法，供决策管理部门和同行借鉴。     

固体废弃物资源化利用评价体系及研究方法

从经济、社会政策和环境影响三个角度,运用层次分析法、模糊决策理论和多目标分析3种评价方法以及矩阵、德尔斐法和混合优序图等数学工具,分别对上海市固体废弃物资源化利用所采用的不同方案进行全面综合评价,不同评价方法的研究结果具有一致性,均表明环境影响是相对最重要的影响因素,固体废弃物双向分离系统的建立是最优化的固体废弃物资源化利用方案,也是今后上海固体废弃物资源化利用研究的重点以及努力发展的方向.     

浦东新区工业结构的多目标优化研究

从经验和环境协调发展角度出发，用改进的多目标规划法研究浦东新区工业结构优化调整。以１９８９年为基准年，根据该年资料选取经济和环境影响较显著的十三个主要待业的产值为决策变量，设定调整目标，建立规划模型，并按照污染量增加率的不同设计方案。经过计算机数学模拟，提出既满足经济要求，又使污染量增加率尽可能降低的优化方案，将工业结构调整与污染控制结合起来，确定２０００年规划年份的浦东新区工业结构优化。     

改善环境质量优化经济增长

论述了目前我国环境与经济之间的关系现状及环境优化对经济增长所做出的贡献,说明环境优化经济增长是转变经济增长方式国家战略的必然要求,提出规划环评是促进环境优化经济的重要手段。     

上海浦东新区农业发展环境规划研究

基于在发展农业的同时有效地控制农业环境污染的目的,综合环境、经济和社会等方面的因素,建立了浦东新区农业结构优化调整的灰色线性规划模型。该模型将农业结构调整与经济预测、化肥与农药的流失控制以及畜禽粪便污染联系起来,动态地分析规划年份的浦东新区农业生产结构,确定了农业内部结构调整的方针。     

ALLOCATION PROCEDURE OF WATER AND LAND RESOURCES IN RELATION TO SOME IRRIGATION QUALITY PARAMETERS1

ABSTRACT: Land, water, labor, and capital are optimally allocated to crops on a farm, using a procedure that also relates to irrigation frequency and level of improvement in the irrigation system. The procedure is based on formulating outputs and expenditures as well as the functions of irrigation frequency-water and yield. The Generalized Geometric Programming is used to solve the objective function as nonlinear equations are involved.     

环境信息系统建设的理论和实践

上海环境信息系统是为环境管理、决策提供科学化、定量化服务的信息系统。简要介绍了它的建设规划和总体目标。上海环境信息系统由代码和标准、图形信息、环境质量、污染源、环境管理、计划支持和环境预测决策等７个控制子系统组成，实施计划分三步走。１９９１０～１９９３年，基本建成环境基本信息库。１９９４～１９９７年，基本建成环境管理信息库。１９９８～２０００年，基本建成环境决策支持系统。同时，还就环境信息系统建设