内蒙古巴彦淖尔市乌拉特中旗生态环境恶化的根源及其对策

通过对乌拉特中旗近20年来农牧业生产发展情况、气象环境质量状况等多方面调查，总结出乌拉特中旗生态环境恶化的根源，按照“围封轮牧，划区禁牧，舍饲养牧，移民休牧”的指导思想，并对如何改善乌拉特中旗生态环境提出具体的对策和措施。     

Ecologically derived guidelines for managing two New Zealand lakes

Lakes Manapouri and Te Anau, in Fiordland National Park, became the center of a major controversy after the New Zealand government offered their water resource to an overseas aluminum smelting consortium for electricity generation. Although the scheme proceeded, the lake levels were not raised as originally proposed. Rather, government sought guidelines to optimize hydroelectric potential while maintaining ecological stability of the vulnerable, largely forested, glaciated lakeshores. Guidelines were derived by relating the vegetation zonation to the natural lake-level fluctuations recorded daily for 37 years. Ahigh operating range in the upper third of the lakes' natural ranges, based on flood tolerances of the woody shoreline species, restricts both duration and frequency. Alow operating range (ca. lower third) safeguards stability of shoreline sediments by limiting drawn-down rates, duration, and frequency. Themain operating range (ca. middle third) has few limitations. These guidelines, which allow utilization of ca. 93% of the water resource, have now been verified by instances of flooding and draw-down rates that exceeded the natural rates recorded earlier. The guidelines were officially accepted by the government in 1977 as a basis for managing the valuable multiple resources of these two lakes and their environs, and they were formalized in legislation in 1981. The details and merits of the guideline approach are discussed.     

地质样品中Te的分析方法研究

Te是发展高科技产业不可缺少的半导体材料之一,被广泛应用于冶金、石油化工、电子电气、玻璃陶瓷和医药等行业.同时,Te又是一种潜在的环境污染元素.Te在地壳中含量低而分散,寻找高灵敏度的地质样品中Te的检测分析方法一直是人们关注的问题.重铬酸钾容量法、碘量法、极谱法、分光光度法等常见测Te方法灵敏度不够理想,操作步骤也较繁琐.评述了1995-2009年地质样品中Te的检测方法概况及其发展趋势,重点对样品的前处理方法、氢化物发生/原子荧光法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法的优缺点进行了阐述和讨论,指出利用高能效的分离技术达到各形态的有效分离和利用选择性强、灵敏度高的元素特征检测器来达到超痕量形态的测定仍将是地质样品中Te分析的研究趋势.