Arsenic removal from groundwater by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions

Arsenic in the environment is attracting increasing attention due to its chronic health effects. Although arsenite(As(III)) is generally more mobile and more toxic than arsenate(As(V)), reducing As(V) to As(III) may still be a means for decontamination, because As(III) can be removed from solution by precipitation with sulfide or by adsorption or complexation with other metal sulfides. The performance of As(V) bio-reduction under autohydrogenotrophic conditions was investigated with batch experiments. The results showed that As(V) reduction was a biochemical process while both acclimated sludge and hydrogen were essential. Most of the reduced arsenic remained in a soluble form, although 20% was removed with no addition of sulfate, while 82% was removed when sulfate was reduced to sulfide. The results demonstrated that the reduced arsenic was re-sequestered in the precipitates, probably as arsenic sulfides. Kinetic analysis showed that pseudo first-order kinetics described the bio-reduction process better than pseudo second-order. In particular, the influences of pH and temperature on As(V) reduction by acclimated sludge under autohydrogenotrophic conditions and total soluble As removal were examined. The reduction process was highly sensitive to both pH and temperature, with the optimum ranges of pH 6.5–7.0 and 30–40°C respectively. Furthermore, Arrhenius modeling results for the temperature effect indicated that the As(V) reduction trend was systematic. Total soluble As removal was consistent with the trend of As(V) reduction.     

氢自养生物还原去除地下水中对硝基氯苯（p-NCB）的实验研究

采用批式实验讨论了氢自养还原菌在厌氧条件下,利用氢气作为电子供体还原地下水中对硝基氯苯的可行性及其影响因素。结果表明,氢自养菌能利用氢气生物还原对硝基氯苯,并产生中间产物对氯苯胺,继而进一步还原脱氯产生苯胺,该过程可提高对硝基氯苯的可生化性。对硝基氯苯在初始阶段还原速率较快,最高去除速率达到610μg/（L.d）,随后逐渐降低达到稳定。影响因素实验表明,在一定浓度范围内提高对硝基氯苯浓度对其去除率影响较小,但硝基进一步还原和脱氯效果降低;氢自养菌还原硝基氯苯的最适宜pH值在7.0~8.0之间;水中的硝酸盐和对硝基氯苯对电子供体存在竞争,硝酸盐反硝化对对硝基氯苯还原具有抑制作用。     

氢自养生物还原去除地下水中对硝基氯苯(p-NCB)的实验研究

采用批式实验讨论了氢自养还原菌在厌氧条件下,利用氢气作为电子供体还原地下水中对硝基氯苯的可行性及其影响因素.结果表明,氢自养菌能利用氢气生物还原对硝基氯苯,并产生中间产物对氯苯胺,继而进一步还原脱氯产生苯胺,该过程可提高对硝基氯苯的可生化性.对硝基氯苯在初始阶段还原速率较快,最高去除速率达到610μg/(L·d),随后...     

Study on removing selenate from groundwater by autohydrogenotrophic microorganisms

Performance of autohydrogenotrophic bacteria for bio-reduction of selenate (Se(VI)) under anaerobic conditions was investigated with batch experiments. Results showed Se(VI) was bio-reduced to selenite (Se(IV)) as an intermediate product, and then to elemental selenium (Se⁰). Reduction kinetics could be described by the pseudo-first-order model. In particular, the influences of pH value and temperature on Se(VI) reduction by autohydrogentrophic organisms were examined. The high degradation rate was achieved at pH 7.0 to 8.0; and the best reduction temperature was between 25°C and 35°C. This study is of help for treating groundwater with selenium contamination by autohydrogenotrophic bacteria as well as its reactor development.     

pH对氢基质自养微生物还原降解对氯硝基苯的影响

在建立的一种MBfR(氢基质生物膜反应器)中系统考察pH对氢基质自养微生物还原降解p-CNB(对氯硝基苯)的影响,并重点分析pH影响下p-CNB、p-CAN(对氯苯胺)、NO-3-N(硝酸盐)和SO2-4(硫酸盐)的去除效率、通量及当量电子转移通量的变化趋势.结果表明,pH在5.7~8.7之间变化时对硝基还原、还原脱氯、反硝化和硫酸盐还原过程影响显著.氢基质自养微生物生长较适宜的pH范围为6.7~8.2,其中硝基还原、还原脱氯、反硝化和硫酸盐还原的最佳pH分别是7.7、8.2、7.2和7.2.当量电子转移通量分析表明,反硝化和硫酸盐还原对pH变化的敏感性均强于p-CNB还原.为了维持较高水平的p-CNB、NO-3-N和SO2-4同步去除效率,可将pH调控在7.2~8.2之间.适当地调节pH有利于微生物的生长以及控制中空纤维膜表面矿物质沉淀引起的膜污染.     

氢基质自养微生物还原降解水中对氯硝基苯的研究

将中空纤维膜微孔曝气和生物膜工艺结合设计出一种新型的水处理工艺——氢基质生物膜反应器(MBfR),其中,中空纤维膜为自养微生物的生长载体,还可作为扩散装置使氢气均匀扩散至生物膜中.同时,对氢基质自养微生物还原降解水中对氯硝基苯(p-CNB)的可行性、还原机理和去除效果进行了研究,并分析了共存的硝酸盐(NO3--N)和硫酸盐(SO24-)对p-CNB还原产生的影响.结果表明,MBfR生物膜中氢自养微生物能有效利用氢气为电子供体生物转化p-CNB,其中,p-CNB经硝基还原生成对氯苯胺(p-CAN),p-CAN再通过还原脱氯生成低毒的终产物苯胺(AN).经过长期运行,MBfR对进水500μg·L-1和2000μg·L-1的p-CNB具有稳定高效的生物降解性能,p-CNB去除率和去除通量最高达到96.9%和0.056g·m-·2d-1.通过投加NO3--N和SO42-发现,p-CNB还原速率随NO3--N和SO42-浓度升高而降低,表明p-CNB还原受到NO3--N和SO24-的抑制.NO3--N和SO24-对p-CNB还原产生的抑制主要与对电子供体(氢气)的强烈竞争和还原产物对脱氯微生物的毒性有关.电子通量分析进一步表明,反硝化或SO24-还原消耗更多的电子,当氢气利用率受限制时将对p-CNB还原产生强烈的电子供体竞争性抑制.