滇池蓝藻快速热解液化制取生物油的初步研究

文章采用实验室规模的固定床反应器作为实验平台,对蓝藻快速热解液化制取生物油的可行性进行了探讨,并对影响液化性能的诸多因素,如热解温度(300～700℃)、载气流量(0～400 mL/min)、原料粒径(d＜0.08 nn,0.15＜d＜0.25 mm,0.25＜d＜0.38 mm,0.38＜d＜3.35 mm,d＞3....     

CTAB与亚临界水联合预处理对污泥水热液化制备生物油的影响

以脱水污泥为原料针探究对其水热液化（HTL）制取生物油的影响.结果表明,胞外聚合物（EPS）的释放可以促进有机物在高温时断链成分子量较高的有机质,促进生物油的形成.与原污泥相比,亚临界水（SCW）预处理会促进脱氨基反应,生物油中的氮含量降低51.74%;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）预处理则促进了19.3wt%的有机物转移至油相中,同时生物油中的酸含量降低13.49%;CTAB-SCW联合预处理后,生物油收率提升了66.92%,醇含量提升28.32%.联合预处理中酯交换反应是主反应,同时亲核反应、氧化反应和消除反应也显著增强.     

生物质液化燃油代用燃料的应用及展望

主要介绍了生物质液化燃油代用燃料的概念、特点及优势,分析了其它几种代用燃料优势与不足,并阐明了生物质液化燃油代用燃料发展的必然趋势.     

The effect of pyrolysis atmosphere on bio-oil yields and structure

A food industry waste, almond shell, was pyrolyzed under three different environment static, nitrogen, and steam to produce bio-oil and its derivatives. The oil yield obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 600°C was 24.23% in a static atmosphere, whereas it increased to 27.25% and 33.05% in nitrogen and steam atmospheres, respectively. The bio-oil obtained under steam atmosphere is very efficient due to the production of high liquid and gas yields. Moreover, co-feeding steam during the pyrolysis altered the bio-oil structure by increasing the aliphatics and reducing the asphaltenes. Moreover, steam treatment also increases H/C and heating value of bio-oils. According to the obtained results, steam pyrolysis is an alternative option for future applications in refineries.     

生物质快速热裂解主要参数对生物油产率的影响

以松木木屑为原料,在自制的小型流化床上,开展了生物质热裂解温度、生物质粒径和进料速率对生物油产率的影响实验研究.结果表明,在热裂解温度分别为450、475、500、525和550℃条件下,当热裂解温度为500℃时,生物油产率最高,平均产率达到53.33%（质量百分比）.反应温度越高,炭产量越低,不可冷凝气体产量越高,气体发热值越高;粒径＜1 mm的生物质其粒径对生物油产率影响不大;生物质进料速率增加时,生物油产率增加.本研究为生物能的利用提供了新的途径.     

污水厂污泥在亚/超临界丙酮中的液化行为

利用直接热化学液化技术,在1000mL的反应釜中,考察了液化温度、污泥/溶剂配比(R1)、催化剂以及溶剂填充率(R2)对污水厂污泥在亚/超临界丙酮中的液化行为的影响.结果表明,约300℃条件下,污泥液化较为彻底,过低或过高的温度液化效果反而较差.当温度超过340℃时,丙酮溶剂参与反应能力增强,促进油产率的增加,至380℃时油产率保持稳定.在其他液化条件相同的情况下,发现污泥在R1为10/200、R2为20%、添加5%剂量的NaOH作为催化剂,获得较好的液化效果.红外光谱(FTIR)和气相色谱/质谱分析(GC-MS)分析表明,生物油的主要成分是含氮杂环、羧酸、酯、酮等化合物,主要的官能团包括胺基、羟基、烷基和羰基等.     

Preparation of jet engine range fuel from biomass pyrolysis oil through hydrogenation and its comparison with aviation kerosene

The Bio-oil was produced from the pyrolysis of agricultural wastes (Eucalyptus sawdust) and discarded soybean frying oil. The temperature of the pyrolysis system was initiated at 28°C and increased to 850°C. Atmospheric distillation of crude bio-oil was performed and a fraction at a temperature range 160–240°C (pyrolysis oil) was separated and subjected to GC-MS, ¹H-NMR, TGA and FTIR analysis to identify the different properties and compounds present in pyrolysis oil. It was noticed that there was an abundance of oxygen and nitrogen containing compounds as well as other reactive species in pyrolysis oil. To reduce the amount of these species, the pyrolysis oil was subjected to hydrogenation in the presence of NiMo as a catalyst. After hydrogenation, the atmospheric distillation of hydrogenated bio-oil was performed and another fraction at temperature range 160–240°C (hydrogenated bio-oil) was separated and analyzed by the same techniques. It was noticed that during hydrogenation, more than 60% oxygenated and other reactive species were converted into hydrocarbons. Hydrogenated bio-oil showed very similar physico-chemical properties such as distillation curve, density, viscosity, freezing point, flash point, the presence of hydrocarbons and enthalpy of combustion as aviation kerosene also known as QAV-1.     

生物质制燃油关键设备设计中的安全性研究

针对生物燃油生产过程中热载体复合加热装置中集气箱结构与热交换管的支撑问题可能带来的不安全因素,将创新设计方法学——TRIZ(发明问题解决理论)应用于加热装置的安全设计中,按照TRIZ解决问题的系统化方法,通过技术矛盾分析和创新原理应用解决存在的技术冲突,能有效地消除设备存在的不安全因素。在设备的安全设计中应用TRIZ理论,与传统方法相比能降低解决问题的难度,提高解决问题的效率,增强设备的安全可靠性,是一种值得推广的经济实用的创新方法。     

生物质快速热裂解主要参数对生物油产率的影响

以松木木屑为原料,在自制的小型流化床上,开展了生物质热裂解温度、生物质粒径和进料速率对生物油产率的影响实验研究.结果表明,在热裂解温度分别为450、475、500、525和550℃条件下,当热裂解温度为500℃时,生物油产率最高,平均产率达到53.33%(质量百分比).反应温度越高,炭产量越低,不可冷凝气体产量越高,气体发热值越高;粒径＜1 mm的生物质其粒径对生物油产率影响不大;生物质进料速率增加时,生物油产率增加.本研究为生物能的利用提供了新的途径.     

微藻热化学转化制取生物质油催化剂的研究进展

微藻生物质能源被认为是可以有效解决能源危机的第三代生物质能源。以微藻为原料,通过热化学转化的方法制取生物质油是微藻能源利用的研究热点。综述了微藻热化学转化中催化剂的研究进展,包括碱金属盐催化剂、分子筛催化剂、过渡金属催化剂等,并提出了该研究的发展方向。