基于贝叶斯网络气化炉供料系统风险分析

为解决当前气化炉供料系统风险分析不完善的状况，提出1种基于贝叶斯网络和HAZOP的风险分析模型。以某单日投煤量3 000 t级气化炉煤化工企业实际运行情况为研究对象，应用HAZOP法对其进行风险分析，并将HAZOP分析结果中各偏差产生原因转化为贝叶斯网络节点；考虑到先验知识的缺乏问题，引入Leaky Noisy OR模型，通过文献资料和相关领域专家经验知识获得先验概率，并利用贝叶斯网络进行风险分析，找出系统运行的薄弱环节。结果表明:未知因素影响会使各节点的后验概率值差异性降低，更加贴合实际；在引入未知因素影响后，系统运行薄弱环节并未发生改变。     

上吸式生物质气化炉焦油成分的分析

文章在10 KWth上吸式生物质气化炉上进行木屑的气化实验,通过改变床层高度和气化剂空气的量,将产生的生物质焦油进行取样。经GC-MS分析得出上吸式气化炉焦油的主要成分为初级和二级焦油,其中以酚类焦油所占比重最多,大约为总量的38%~60%;在同样床高的条件下,随着空气量的增加,酚类焦油含量有所降低,但仍然是焦油中比重较大的。     

Experimental study on MSW gasification and melting technology

In order to develop municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification and melting technology, two preliminary experiments and a principle integrated experiment were fulfilled respectively. The gasification characteristics of MSW are studied at 500-750℃ when equivalence ratio (ER) was 0.2-0.5 using a fluidized-bed gasifier. When temperature was 550-700℃ and ER was 0.2-0.4, low heat value (LHV) of syngas reaches 4000-12000 kJ/Nm3. The melting characteristics of fly ash were investigated at 1100-1460℃ using a fixed-bed furnace. It was proved that over 99.9% of dioxins could be decomposed and most heavy-metals could be solidified when temperature was 1100-1300℃. The principle integrated experiment was carried out in a fluidized-bed gasification and swirl-melting system. MSW was gasified efficiently at 550-650℃, swirl-melting furnace maintains at 1200-1300℃ stably and over 95% of fly ash could be caught by the swirl-melting furnace. The results provided much practical experience and basic data to develop MSW gasification and melting technology.     

污泥协同处置技术及应用分析

对我国火电厂、水泥窑在污泥协同处置方面的基本情况进行了简要介绍和分析,并对气化炉、烧结窑炉和冶金高炉等炉窑在污泥协同处置方面的应用技术进行了简要介绍。指出我国火电厂和水泥窑协同处置能力较强,但由于经济效益问题,企业协同处置污泥的积极性不高,致使行业实际处理量远小于其处理能力。同时指出气化炉、烧结窑炉和冶金高炉等其他炉窑在协同处置工业污泥方面具有适用范围广、就地处置成本低等优势,需要对其进行扩展性、挖潜性研发。     

下吸式气化炉处理城市生活垃圾

下吸式气化炉具有原料适应性好,燃气中焦油含量少的特点。使用下吸式气化炉对广州城市生活垃圾进行了空气气化实验,并对燃气成分、焦油含量和灰渣重金属含量进行了分析。分析结果表明:燃气气体热值可达4600kJ/m3,燃气焦油含量为2.0g/m3。另外,对灰渣中的金属成分也进行了分析。试验结果表明:下吸式气化炉是处理复杂城市生活垃圾的一种有效手段。     

Honge oil methyl ester and producer gas-fuelled dual-fuel engine operated with varying compression ratios

Alternative and renewable fuels have numerous advantages compared with fossil fuels as they are renewable and biodegradable, besides providing food and energy security and foreign exchange savings and addressing environmental and socio-economic issues. Therefore, these renewable fuels can be used predominantly in compression ignition (CI) engines for transportation purposes and power generation applications. Today, the use of biomass-derived producer gas is more relevant for addressing rural power generation and is also a promising technique for controlling both NO_x and soot emission levels. Although a producer gas–biodiesel-operated dual-fuel diesel engine exhibits lower performance, they are independent from the use of fossil fuels. The lower performance of the engine could be due to the slow-burning and lower calorific value of producer gas. For this purpose, exhaustive experiments on the use of Honge oil methyl ester (HOME)–producer gas in a dual-fuel CI engine were carried out for the improvement of its fuel efficiency. This paper presents the effect of the compression ratio (CR) on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection stationary diesel engine operated using HOME and producer gas in a dual-fuel mode. The results indicated that the HOME–producer gas combination exhibited lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with comparable emission levels with the diesel–producer gas combination at different CRs. Comparative measures of BTE, peak pressure, pressure–crank angle variation, heat release rate, smoke opacity, and hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO_x) emission levels are presented and analysed.     

生物质气化技术及其在西部地区的应用浅析

生物质气化技术作为环保、高效地利用生物质资源的重要方式,正受到广泛关注。文章围绕生物质气化的原理、气化炉的分类和特点展开论述;分析了影响生物质气化过程的若干关键因素,并综述了生物质气化技术在国内外的研究与应用现状;最后结合西部地区实际生物质资源状况,展望了生物质气化技术在西部地区的应用前景。     

基于烟气加热的新型垃圾热解气化炉热工特性数值模拟

为了解新型烟气加热的垃圾热解气化炉运行时的热工状况,采用实验研究与理论模拟相结合的方式,在实验室电炉热解梧桐落叶,采用烟气加热方式的热解气化炉热解粗破碎梧桐落叶的中试实验获得的初始数据的基础上,运用CFD计算软件模拟烟气加热的垃圾热解气化炉内部温度场,模拟结果与实验结果相吻合。结果显示:该炉型热解气化室内部温度分布合理,稳定的高温段分布较广,能为垃圾的热解气化提供必要的热能。同时模拟连续进料条件下热解室的内部温度分布情况,为设备的改进提供指导作用。     

基于DBT-DBN模型的气化炉超温动态风险分析

为加强煤气化装置核心设备气化炉的安全风险管理,利用动态领结(DBT)模型和动态贝叶斯网络(DBN)相结合的风险分析方法,构建气化炉超温事故风险分析模型。首先,分析设备故障的时序性,建立超温事故的DBT模型,结合模糊评价确定设备故障的发生概率;然后,将DBT映射到DBN中,将故障维修的动态特征定义为转移概率,双向推理气化炉超温的风险因素;最后,预测气化炉发生超温及其后果的动态趋势,并依据诊断推理辨识导致气化炉超温的主要因素。研究结果表明:在考虑维修因素下气化炉运行一年后发生超温的概率为64.4%;气化炉超温的风险因素中,操作失误在生产周期内的影响较大,设备故障集中在磨煤制浆工段。     

下吸式气化炉处理城市生活垃圾

下吸式气化炉具有原料适应性好，燃气中焦油含量少的特点。使用下吸式气化炉对广州城市生活垃圾进行了空气气化实验，并对燃气成分、焦油含量和灰渣重金属含量进行了分析。分析结果表明：燃气气体热值可达4600kJ／m^3，燃气焦油含量为2．0g／m^3。另外，对灰渣中的金属成分也进行了分析。试验结果表明：下吸式气化炉是处理复杂城市生活垃圾的一种有效手段。