改性乙二醛-水玻璃化学灌浆材料的研究

研究了一种改性乙二醛一水玻璃化学灌浆材料，其胶凝时间可由乙二醛的加入量控制．抗压强度大．表面活性剂甲的加入可以有效提高其渗透性。     

Effect of Cross-Linking Waste Protein with Dialdehydes on Its Biodegradation Under Anaerobic Conditions

Most native polymers used in processing and application technologies are admittedly disposable from the environment in a biologic manner, but products possess low mechanical strength. One of the paths to increasing this attribute (if feasible) is their cross-linking, which may, however, affect their readiness to biodegradation. In the presented work this condition was observed on the example of waste protein (Hykol B) cross-linking by means of glutardialdehyde and glyoxal. Degree and course of cross-linking were determined through impedance spectroscopy. The objective of this work also was to obtain data for constructing a sensor capable of following the cross-linking course in real time, for potential industrial application of Hykol in continuous production. Impedance spectroscopy proved to be applicable even to this kind of material marked by considerable water content and exhibiting relatively high electric conductivity; so far it had been used only for materials of low conductivity. An aqueous environment inoculated with digested anaerobic sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was selected for modeling anaerobic conditions. The relation was studied between cross-linking degree given by content of cross-linking agent (determined by impedance spectroscopy) and biodegradation degree under anaerobic conditions. It was confirmed that network density as given by quantity of added agent not only reduced breakdown degree but also slowed the course of the process. This fact is particularly obvious with cross-linking by means of glyoxal; network density is thus dependent on type of employed substance, which affect type and structure of created network. That not merely forms an obstacle during polymer swelling and dissolution but also prevents access of bacteria to source of metabolized organic carbon.     

模糊综合评价在乙二醛生产工艺中的应用

本文结合两个使用不同工艺生产乙二醛工厂的生产数据和现状,依据化工生产相关规范标准以及专家意见,建立了乙二醛生产工艺模糊综合评价指标体系,同时利用层次分析法确定了各评价指标的权重,建立了各指标的隶属函数,并运用模糊数学矩阵运算对乙二醛生产工艺进行了模糊综合评价,结果表明运用模糊综合评价法对乙二醛生产工艺的选择是可行的。该研究对实际工作具有重要的指导意义。     

五氟苄基羟胺衍生与GC/MS联用分析大气中的单羰基化合物和多羰基化合物

利用涂布五氟苄基羟胺（PFBHA）的Tenax-TA作为固体吸附剂,采取主动采样的方式采集大气中羰基化合物,再经溶剂洗脱和氮吹浓缩后用气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）分析,成功检测到14种单羰基化合物和2种二羰基化合物（乙二醛与甲基乙二醛）.研究表明：在吸附剂的装载量为50mg的前提下,当衍生剂的涂布量为260nmol,采集流速为50mL·min^-1时,采集效果最佳.羰基化合物的检测限、平行样的相对标准偏差和样品的加标回收率范围分别为0.54～3.83ng·m^-3、1.0%～14.2%、89.2%～113.8%.该方法在实际大气样品中合适的采样时间为0.5～8.0h.利用此法对上海市宝山区大气中羰基化合物进行了检测,成功检测到16种羰基化合物,且具有明显的日变化趋势.     

上海市大气PM2.5中羰基化合物的研究

利用2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)作为衍生化试剂,高效液相色谱/紫外检测法(HPLC/UV)定量检测上海市大气PM2.5中单羰基和二羰基化合物,共检测出5种单羰基化合物和2种二羰基化合物(乙二醛和甲基乙二醛).单羰基化合物中浓度最高的是甲醛和乙醛,其年平均浓度分别为(1579.47±672.81)ng/m3和(572.02±470.58)ng/m3;二羰基化合物乙二醛和甲基乙二醛的年平均浓度分别为(63.74±54.27)ng/m3和(97.28±39.62)ng/m3.研究发现上海市大气PM2.5中一些羰基化合物具有明显的日变化和季节变化规律:日变化表现为早晚高峰,而季节性变化单羰基化合物是冬天>夏天,二羰基化合物则是夏季>冬季.此外,PM2.5中羰基化合物的浓度还与温度、湿度、质量浓度具有一定的关系.