2010年上海世博会与长江三角洲都市圈的联动发展

本文在分析世界博览会发展过程的基础上，阐述了2010年上海世博会对上海乃至长江三角洲都市圈联动发展的机遇和挑战，并提出了长江三角洲都市圈空间整合与联动发展的战略措施。     

Prenatal exclusion of stickler syndrome

Stickler syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue which includes ocular and systemic manifestations. We report on a large kindred in which we were able to demonstrate very tight linkage between the disease and the type II collagen gene (COL2A1) (LOD score 3·91 at θ=0). In a family in which the father and one of his daughters were severely affected, DNA analysis from a chorionic villus sample demonstrated that the fetus possessed the normal allele of COL2A1. Thereafter a normal child was born.     

论构建中国用能权交易体系的制度衔接之维

用能权是具有公私法双重属性的管制性财产权。用能权交易是我国推进绿色发展的一项制度创新,对实现能耗总量和强度"双控"目标具有重要意义。用能权交易制度旨在从供给侧实现节能降耗目标,与其并行的节能减排市场化机制还包括节能量交易和碳排放权交易。节能量交易与用能权交易的规制对象、规制手段、制度设计目的和约束功能相近,故两者存在制度重复建设问题。用能权交易和碳排放权交易的制度设计目的具有协同性、规制对象有交叉,但两者在用能权指标和碳排放配额初始分配、履约等方面存在制度衔接不畅问题。通过法学和制度经济学分析,对用能权交易、节能量交易和碳排放权交易的制度整合与重构提出了建议。中国应当取消目标节能量交易制度,并以核定用能权交易取代项目节能量交易。用能权交易和碳排放权交易的制度衔接层面,应当打通用能权交易体系和碳排放权交易体系,建立联合履约机制,即允许用能单位或排放单位在满足一定条件的情况下使用用能权指标、核定用能权、碳排放配额或核证减排量履约。用能权指标与碳排放配额在履约方面的衔接机制重点在于一级市场的对接。用能权的初始分配仅仅是为重点用能单位设定节能义务的过程,应当以公平为原则,并且采取免费分配的方式。相对于用能权交易制度,碳排放权交易制度则是为了控制排放单位对碳排放空间这一资源的过度利用。因此,在碳排放配额初始分配环节,政府应当通过有偿分配的方式以实现国家对碳排放空间这一稀缺资源的所有者权益。建立核定用能权和核证减排量的联合履约机制,既允许用能单位购买核证减排量抵消其超额耗能,也允许排放单位购买核定用能权以抵消其超额排放,并对抵消比例设定限制。     

构建我国消防应急救援指挥体系的探讨

对我国应急救援体系现状和消防应急救援指挥体系现状进行分析,归纳总结出我国消防应急救援指挥体系在应急联动机制、应急救援资源配置和应急指挥体系等方面存在的问题。并针对上述问题,提出4个方面的对策,该对策包括:完善应急救援机制;强化应急救援法律体系建设;加强应急救援队伍建设;构建消防应急救援指挥体系。研究结果对完善我国应急救援体系、构建科学合理的消防应急救援指挥体系、提高公安消防部队的应急救援能力等方面具有重要的指导和推动作用。     

省域高速公路交通应急救援联动机制探讨

在系统分析省域高速公路应急救援组织体系存在问题的基础上,通过广泛调研和系统研究,结合我国国情,提出省域高速公路交通应急救援的组织指挥体系、可靠联动模式、运行机制、联动保障、技术路线等方案与措施。建立了基于领导机构、办事机构、工作机构、专家组4个层次的救援组织指挥体系,构建了高速公路交通应急救援的协调管理的基本机制,设计了对应协调管理基本机制的联动处置流程,并提出建设先进的高速公路交通应急救援调度信息中心的具体内容,为建立高效、稳健的高速公路交通应急救援组织体系与联动机制提供科学依据。该方案与措施有助于统一协调指挥多个救援部门之间的工作,实现救援部门之间的信息共享,确保交通应急救援调度和协调管理工作的顺利实施。     

试析加强环境监测、监察业务联动的意义、内容和措施

环境监察和环境监测是环境保护工作的重要组成部分，监察体现了环保工作的权威性，监测则保证了环保工作的科学性。全面论述加强环境监察监测联动的重要意义，从思想和技术方面探讨加强环境监察监测联动的可行方法，对如何建立科学的环境监察与环境监测联动机制，快速、准确查处环保违法行为具有一定的指导意义。     

CITIZEN INFLUENCE IN WATER POLICY DECISIONS: CONTEXT, CONSTRAINTS, AND ALTERNATIVES

ABSTRACT: The desirable proportion of citizen input into policy making and the proper mechanism for that input engender substantial conflict in the water resources arena. Nevertheless, discussions of citizen participation in water policy formation generally occur within narrow perspectives both with regard to the issues involved and the alternative mechanisms by which that participation can be realized. This paper examines the historical and current contexts of the controversies and presents a discussion of the alternative processes for citizen influence - called linkage. The linkage processes discussed include direct participation, citizen advisory committees, the pressure group model, the electoral model and the bureaucratic model. Each linkage process is discussed in terms of who is considered the public, how the public influence works, the limitations of the process, and what available water policy-related data suggest regarding the adequacy of the process.     

Arrival timing and seasonal reproductive performance in a long-distance migratory landbird

The date when a landbird migrant arrives on its breeding grounds may have reproductive consequences. Generally, early arriving individuals begin breeding earlier and consequently experience greater seasonal reproductive performance. Here, we describe relationships between arrival timing and seasonal reproductive performance in the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), a long-distance passerine migrant, arriving at northerly breeding grounds in Michigans eastern Upper Peninsula. Evidence suggests that both males and females benefited from early arrival at the breeding grounds. Early males appeared to settle on higher quality territories and hatched nestlings sooner than later arrivals. Early females began their clutches early, produced heavier nestlings and possibly laid more eggs than later arrivals. Larger clutches and heavier offspring increase the likelihood of offspring recruiting into the breeding population. The findings of this study point to fitness consequences arising from when a bird arrives at its breeding grounds. These results also have implications for understanding how events occurring during spring migration influence reproductive performance as migratory delays likely influence arrival timing.Communicated by: W. Wiltschko     

晋中城市群县域可达性及经济联系格局研究

以晋中城市群为研究对象,运用加权平均旅行时间和引力模型分析了2000—2018年晋中城市群县域单元可达性水平及经济联系的时空演变格局。结果表明:(1)晋中城市群县域单元的可达性水平显著提升但地域分布不均衡,受地形和距离因素的影响存在"断崖式"梯度变化和"中心高、边缘低"的圈层式空间分布特征。(2)晋中城市群县域单元的经济联系强度持续增强,其空间分布格局具有显著的廊道指向特征和行政区指向特征。(3)晋中城市群核心区域的辐射带动作用显著,不同县域单元对外经济联系能力差异较大,但城市群内部的发展差距在逐渐缩小。