Adsorption and desorption of herbicide monosulfuron-ester in Chinese soils

Monosulfuron-ester is a new, low rate, sulfonylurea herbicide that is being promoted for annual broadleaf and gramineal weed control; however, there is a lack of published information on its behavior in soils. The adsorption and desorption of monosulfuronester by seven type soils were measured using a batch equilibrium technique. The results showed that the Freundlich equation fitted its adsorption and desorption well, and the Freundlich constant values (Kf-ads) ranged from 0.88 to 5.66. Adsorption isotherms were nonlinear with 1/nf-ads values < 1. Soil pH, organic matter (OM), and clay content were the main factors influencing its adsorption and desorption. Adsorption and desorption were negatively correlated with pH 4.0–8.0 while positively correlated with OM and clay content. The adsorption of monosulfuron-ester was mainly a physical process, because its free energy (ΔG) in seven soils was less than 40 kJ/mol. Monosulfuron-ester adsorption by three soils increased with increasing CaCl2 concentration using CaCl2 as a background electrolyte. Monosulfuron-ester desorption was hysteretic in all tested soils.     

单嘧磺酯的除草活性及其对玉米的安全性初探

用生物测定的方法比较了创制除草剂单嘧磺酯和其他几种磺酰脲类除草剂对稗草(Echinochloa phyllopogon(staf) Koss.)和苋菜(Acalypha australis L.)生长的影响,以明确其除草活性.盆栽试验结果表明,鲜重和株高是生物测定很好的指标,不同化学结构的磺酰脲类除草剂对杂草和作物生长的影响存在差异,单嘧磺酯对稗草和苋菜的生长有强烈的抑制作用,其除草活性与氯磺隆相当;室内研究结果表明,单嘧磺酯对玉米(Zea mayz L.)的安全性介于测定的几种磺酰脲类除草剂之间;田间试验结果表明,22.5 g·hm-2单嘧磺酯对当茬玉米的生长有一定的抑制作用,添加安全剂后,10%单嘧磺酯可湿性粉剂对玉米的出苗和生长以及产量均无显著影响.