鲴鲢鳙混养系统中微生物对氮素迁移转化的影响

通过实验室模拟富营养化水体进行鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)鲴(Plagiogathops micrloepis Bleeker)混养,结合同位素标记与微生物检测,研究其中沉积物微生物群落的变化及其对氮素迁移转化的影响,揭示鲢鳙鲴混养作用机制....     

Energy transformations in two tropical Oxbow lakes

The flow and pattern of energy utilization in two tropical ecosystems where polyculture of fishes was practiced were studied. The rates of organic production made by the two tropical natural aquatic systems (oxbow lakes) were studied for two annual cycles. The study of utilization of energy in two tropical lakes revealed that herbivores were more efficient in energy utilization than autotrophs. The energy available in these systems was supplied by allochthonous source. Silver carp and grass carp were found to be most efficient in conversion of energy in the grazing food chain of the lake. The efficiency of the system to fish production was found to be 0.06 (OL-I) ?0.05% (OL-II) of the total available solar radiation. Various forms of life are all accompanied by energy changes, in the studied lakes were found to form a food web.     

主养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)池塘3种混养模式下氮含量的比较

对主养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)池塘3种混养模式(模式Ⅰ,草鱼、鲢、鳙、鲫分别为250、35、40、15尾;模式Ⅱ,草鱼、鲢、鳙、匙吻鲟、鲫分别为250、35、20、20、15尾;模式Ⅲ,草鱼、鲢、鲫分别为250、35、15尾)水体和底泥中氮含量进行比较分析。结果表明,模式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ水体TN含量均值分别为1.251、1.001和1.228 mg.L-1,NH4+-N含量均值分别为0.391、0.345和0.319 mg.L-1,NO3--N含量由高到低为模式Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ,NO2--N含量由高到低为模式Ⅱ、Ⅰ和Ⅲ。模式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ底泥TN含量均值分别为0.793、0.910和0.963 mg.g-1,NH4+-N含量均值分别为0.005、0.006和0.004 mg.g-1。模式Ⅱ水体TN含量显著低于模式Ⅰ和Ⅲ(P<0.05),底泥中氮营养盐的转化也优于其他2种模式,可见模式Ⅱ最有利于水体中氮营养盐的转化和利用。     

鲴对食微囊藻鲢鳙排泄物及藻活性的作用研究

开展室内模拟实验,研究鲢、鳙和鲴不同混养系统中排泄物的量及微囊藻活性的变化.实验设置鲢鳙组合,鲢鳙鲴组合以及对照组,其中鲢鳙生物量放养比例为3：1,鲢鳙鲴组合中生物量放养比例为3：1：1,实验周期14d.结果显示,鲢鳙组和鲢鳙鲴组均能降低微囊藻密度,两组无显著差异（P>0.05）,但是均极显著小于对照组（P<0.01）.混养鲴鱼可以降低排泄物的量及微囊藻的被消化率,鲢鳙鲴组排泄物的量在第4d开始下降,实验结束时是鲢鳙组的16.08%.鲢鳙鲴组微囊藻的被消化率,第5d后快速增长,至实验结束达到85.9%,极显著高于鲢鳙组（P<0.01）.鲢鳙组和鲢鳙鲴组排泄物中的氨基酸和总氮含量相比未被摄食微囊藻减少率分别为33.17%、53.62%和34.97%、54.27%.鲢鳙鲴组和鲢鳙组排泄物光能活性（Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yeld、qP及NPQ表示）和生长活性差异（EPS、Chla表示）较大,鲢鳙组微囊藻叶绿素荧光参数（除NPQ外）值经过短暂的下降后开始增长,而鲢鳙鲴组Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yeld及qP在培养过程中下降显著,且至第5d后叶绿素荧光参数（除NPQ外）均极显著低于鲢鳙组（P<0.01）.鲢鳙鲴组NPQ呈上升的趋势,且第7d后极显著高于鲢鳙组（P<0.01）.在排泄物培养期间,鲢鳙鲴组排泄物中微囊藻的胞外多糖（EPS）含量、叶绿素a（Chl a）浓度不断下降,至实验结束极显著低于鲢鳙组（P<0.01）.结果表明,在鲢鳙控藻的基础上,混养鲴鱼可以减少鲢鳙摄食微囊藻后的排泄物,同时降低排泄物中微囊藻活性,减少了因鲢鳙排泄物引起的水环境污染和生态影响.