基于生产和消费视角的辽宁省行业能源消费碳排放

行业能源消费碳排放核算是碳减排政策制订的基础,从消费视角进行行业碳排放研究日趋重要. 基于经济投入产出生命周期评价模型,从生产和消费视角解析了辽宁省2007年行业能源消费碳排放分布规律. 结果表明:生产视角碳排放量行业集中度高,该视角碳排放总量的78.73%集中在电力、热力的生产和供应业,金属冶炼及压延加工业,非金属矿物制品业以及交通运输、仓储及邮政业;为其他行业提供产品和服务是造成行业生产端碳排放的主要原因;消费视角下行业碳排放总量的53.79%集中在金属冶炼及压延加工业,建筑业,电力、热力的生产和供应业以及其他行业;上游供应行业的间接碳排放是造成消费端排放的主体.从碳排放强度来看,生产视角下各行业碳排放强度差异性较大,电力、热力的生产和供应业的碳排放强度最大,为9.17 t/万元;消费视角下行业之间的碳排放强度差异性较小,均低于3 t/万元. 最后针对不同视角下分析结果的差异性提出了相应对策的侧重点.      

Consumption-based emissions accounting: the normative debate

ABSTRACT

The normative debate surrounding consumption-based emissions accounting, conceived of as a method for constructing national emissions inventories, is investigated. The focus is to examine whether such accounting would be more just than the current method of production-based accounting. It is argued that there is no good reason to think that consumption-based accounting would be less just, and some reason to think that it would be more just. The consequences of this for the overall question of whether to adopt consumption-based accounting are also investigated.     

Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions in the sustainable development Goals Agenda

In 2017 the paper ‘The Sustainable Development Oxymoron: Quantifying and Modelling the Incompatibility of Sustainable Development Goals’ was published, showing that there is a conflict between socio-economic development goals and ecological sustainability goals using cross-country time-series data. The authors looked at production-based CO2 emissions to measure and model the 13^th SDG goal addressing climate change. Their models showed that production-based CO2 emissions were stalling or even decreasing in rich countries, which suggests that other countries are also likely to see stalling and decrease in their CO2 emissions once they become rich. However, this conclusion can be challenged when accounting for consumption-based CO2 emissions rather than production-based CO2 emissions. In this follow-up paper, we re-run some of the analyses performed in the original paper making use of consumption-based CO2 emissions. The analysis confirms the inherent SDG conflict between socio-economic and ecological SDGs. But, this new analysis demonstrates that from a consumption perspective the trend of stalling or decreasing CO2 emissions is reversed, with natural depletion costs being exported to poorer countries. Despite this new perspective on CO2 emissions, the conflict between SDG goals can still be avoided by making investments in public health, education and renewable energy, as suggested in the original paper.     

长江经济带碳排放与经济增长的脱钩关系——基于生产侧和消费侧视角

构建长江经济带多区域投入产出表,并基于Tapio脱钩模型和结构分解分析,从生产侧和消费侧视角研究2002~2012年长江经济带各省市分行业碳排放与经济增长的脱钩效应及影响因素.在此基础上,研究长江经济带各省市投资、消费和出口引致的隐含碳排放与经济增长的关系.结果发现：从省市层面来看,与2002~2007年相比,2007~2012年各省市生产侧碳排放的脱钩状态有所好转,均呈现为弱脱钩.消费侧方面,2007~2012年期间5省市（江苏省、安徽省、湖北省、重庆市和贵州省）为扩张连接,云南省为扩张负脱钩,可以发现生产侧视角下存在高估脱钩状态的现象.从各省市分行业来看,中上游地区制造业在2002~2007年期间消费侧的碳排放多呈现为弱脱钩,到了2007~2012年消费侧的脱钩状态总体上较不理想.建筑业具有类似情况.2007~2012年各省市的电力行业在两视角下均实现脱钩.从消费、投资和出口的角度来看,2007~2012年下游地区出口和投资的脱钩状态趋于好转.中上游地区投资的脱钩状态趋于恶化,出口的脱钩状态好转不明显.