Review of recent advances in research on the toxicity,detection, occurrence and fate of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in the environment

The fate and behavior of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) in the environment were reviewed. We evaluated their usage data and patterns, physico-chemical properties, toxicology, partitioning and degradation, methods of detection, and concentrations. The use of cVMS as an intermediate in the formation of silicone polymers, personal care and household products has resulted in their widespread environmental exposure; they have been detected in biogas, air, water, soil, biosolid, sediment, and biota samples. Modeled and experimental results suggest that cVMS may be subject to long-range atmospheric transport, but have low potential to contaminate the Arctic. For D4 and D5, there was no evidence of trophic biomagnification in aquatic food webs, while some aquatic organisms demonstrated a high degree of bioconcentration and bioaccumulation. High concentrations of cVMS observed in indoor air and biosolids resulted from point sources. Concentrations of cVMS in water, sediment, and soil were all below their no-observed-effect-concentrations.     

硅氧烷在环境中的迁移转化及其对生物气应用的影响

近年来大量使用含有机硅氧烷材料造成硅氧烷作为污染物进入环境,数量逐年增加.在垃圾填埋场和污水处理厂消化产生的生物气(沼气)中出现的硅氧烷会在燃烧过程中结垢,十分不利于生物气的利用,必须清除.本文综述了硅氧烷的理化性质、在环境中的迁移转化规律与生物降解性能、在生物气中的浓度分布以及去除技术,并对生物气应用中的硅氧烷的控制对策研究作出展望.作者强调,需进一步深入研究硅氧烷的生物降解的机理.     

有机膨润土层间硅氧烷表面对亲水性芳香胺的吸附

用3种吡啶阳离子(氯化吡啶、溴化丁基吡啶、溴化十四烷基吡啶)改性制备高、低电荷的有机膨润土,研究其吸附亲水性芳香胺(苯胺和N,N-二甲基苯胺)的性能,并通过有机碳含量分析、粉末X射线衍射、N2-BET等手段表征了有机膨润土的结构,试图揭示有机膨润土层间硅氧烷表面的暴露程度与吸附性能之间的关系.结果表明,通过减少层间电荷和用较小分子尺寸的吡啶阳离子改性,能在膨润土层间暴露较大面积的硅氧烷表面,从而增强对亲水性有机物的吸附.如在六种吡啶盐改性的有机膨润土中,用最小分子尺寸的吡啶阳离子(氯化吡啶)改性的低电荷膨润土(L-HP)具有较大的内比表面积(145 m2·g-1)和孔容(0.082 mL·g-1),显示出较强的吸附性能,对水中20 mg·L-1的N,N-二甲基苯胺和苯胺的去除效率分别为85.6%和52.8%.研究结果为进一步开发新型高效有机膨润土吸附材料提供理论依据.