乡村文化记忆资源的“文—旅”协同评价模型与应用——以苏州金庭镇为例

乡村文化记忆资源是乡村“文—旅”协同的链接点。基于文化记忆理论从文化信息层、物质载体层与社会行为层解析其内涵和协同框架,构建“文—旅”空间协调度、文化记忆连续性和旅游市场认同度的协同评价模型,以苏州金庭镇为例进行实证分析。结果表明:（1）时间格局上,旅游景点与生活生产类空间关联性不断提升,与功能象征类空间依赖减弱,与社会表征类和精神意识类空间关系有所降低但维持高度耦合水平。（2）空间格局上,与生活生产类空间呈极核带状格局,与其余三类空间呈现一核多极格局。（3）旅游景点与生活生产类空间协同关系从“文—旅”空间协调度、文化记忆连续性转向旅游市场认同度为主导,其余空间以“文—旅”空间协调度为主导。（4）影响协同关系的机制包括记忆延续与文化交融、空间优化与旅游融合和社会支持与政策保障等。研究结论可为乡村旅游地的文化振兴和文旅融合提供理论指导和应用模式。     

Review of water-energy-food Nexus tools to improve the Nexus modelling approach for integrated policy making

The synergies and trade-offs between the water, energy, and food sectors are represented by the Water-Energy-Food Nexus. The Nexus Approach is an integrated decision making practice that can be used by policy makers to optimize these synergies and manage trade-offs. In this paper, the direction of the Nexus Approach regarding the development of modelling tools is explored. The objective of this paper is to review the existing Nexus modelling tools used for integrated policy making to determine and to help policy makers, practitioners, and agencies trying to implement the Nexus Approach to identify a tool that is most suited to their modelling needs. The predominant capabilities of the current tools lie in the understanding of Nexus complexity, consideration of financial elements in the tools, recognition of the importance of multiple Nexus Approach directions, incorporation of different time scales, and enhanced tool accessibility. The main limitations are the extensive data requirements of current tools, and the poor synergy between tools assessing individual Nexus areas. This enhanced overview of the existing tools allows policy makers to maximize the synergies between the Nexus areas, to avoid consumption dilemmas, and to facilitate sustainable development.     

Beyond ‘trees are good’: Disservices,management costs,and tradeoffs in urban forestry

The provision of ecosystem services is a prominent rationale for urban greening, and there is a prevailing mantra that ‘trees are good’. However, understanding how urban trees contribute to sustainability must also consider disservices. In this perspective article, we discuss recent research on ecosystem disservices of urban trees, including infrastructure conflicts, health and safety impacts, aesthetic issues, and environmentally detrimental consequences, as well as management costs related to ecological disturbances and risk management. We also discuss tradeoffs regarding species selection and local conservation concerns, as well as the central role of human perception in the interpretation of ecosystem services and disservices, particularly the uncritical assertion that ‘everybody loves trees’. Urban forestry decision-making that fails to account for disservices can have unintended negative consequences for communities. Further research is needed regarding life cycle assessments, stakeholder decision-making, return-on-investment, and framings of services and disservices in urban forestry.     

Principal sustainability components: empirical analysis of synergies between the three pillars of sustainability

Starting from the concept of three fundamental sustainability dimensions (environmental, social, and economic), this study investigated professional contributions to sustainability by means of principal component analysis (PCA). Graduates from the Environmental Sciences program (N?=?542) at ETH Zurich described their best professional contributions to sustainable development. Next, they evaluated whether their best practice example contributed to achieving any of the five environmental, social, and economic objectives of the Swiss national sustainability strategy. These judgments served as the basis for a PCA aiming to identify principal sustainability components (PSCs) covering typical synergies between sustainability objectives within and transcending the three fundamental dimensions. Three PSCs capturing important synergies were identified. PSC 1 Product and Process Development reflects how ecological innovation and modernization can generate social and economic benefits and at the same time facilitate the reduction in use of as well as the responsible use of natural resources. PSC 2 Education and Social Economics reflects how educational activities and sociocultural sustainability initiatives can simultaneously promote income and employment, social and human capital, and free personal development. PSC 3 Protection of Nature and Humans covers the synergetic benefits which protection of natural spaces and biodiversity and the reduction of environmental risks have for the protection of health and safety of the population. The study also revealed that integration of environmental, social, and economic aspects is often connected to conflicts between these dimensions. However, contributions which consider the economic situation of future generations or enhance social and human capital achieved considerable integration but showed no inclination toward such conflicts.     

黄河中游地区生态系统服务的时空演变及权衡与协同关系研究

明晰黄河中游地区生态系统服务的权衡协同关系,是保证生态系统服务长期有效供应,实现黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的重要前提。本文利用InVEST模型、ArcGIS和Matlab等工具对2000—2020年黄河中游地区的土壤保持、水源涵养、固碳以及生境质量服务的时空特征及其协同权衡关系进行分析。结果表明：（1）黄河中游地区土壤保持、水源涵养和生境质量服务总体呈上升趋势,而固碳服务呈波动下降趋势;（2）2000—2020年,土壤保持、水源涵养服务总体表现为“南高北低”,其高、低值区有所变动;固碳服务整体呈“东南高、西北低”,高、低值区变化不明显;生境质量服务高、低值区相间分布,高值区稍有扩散;（3）黄河中游地区固碳与生境质量服务、生境质量与水源涵养服务、水源涵养与土壤保持服务为协同关系,固碳与土壤保持服务、生境质量与土壤保持服务为权衡关系,而固碳与水源涵养服务整体上表现为不相关;（4）生境质量与水源涵养、土壤保持服务的权衡区面积比例呈上升趋势,而水源涵养和土壤保持服务的协同区面积比例呈上升趋势,固碳与其他服务在大部分区域表现为不相关关系。     

内循环泡沫浮选塔间歇分离含镉废水

为强化气液传质,提出了泡沫塔对泡沫分离性能影响的研究,并为此设计了在泡沫塔内加内循环套筒的泡沫分离塔。结果表明,与没有加内循环套管的常规塔相比,通过FT-IR检测分析,内循环塔性能明显优于常规塔。在间歇分离条件下,研究在内循环塔内处理含镉废水,探讨pH、LAS、停留时间、气泡大小等因素对镉去除率的影响。确定最佳处理条件为:pH=4.0,LAS=65 mg/L,塔内停留时间大于20 min,气体流量为250 mL/min,在此最佳实验条件下,镉的去除率可达99.9%以上,此时的镉质量浓度为10 mg/L。表面活性剂协同效应实验结果表明,在加入阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵时,会形成一个二元表面活性剂协同效应区。     

山西省“三生”功能协同/权衡关系分析

为探究生产—生活—生态（“三生”）功能协调情况,基于综合评价模型和力学平衡模型,选用2005年、2010年和2018年土地利用类型和统计数据,测度山西省“三生”功能时空演变及协同/权衡关系特征。结果表明:（1）2005—2018年“三生”功能时空分异特征明显,生产功能为下降态势,呈现出“平原高,山区低”的分布格局;生活功能持续上升,空间分布与生产功能相似;生态功能呈上升状态,但需注意恶化倾向,空间格局稳定。（2）研究期间,“三生”功能协同性显著提升且趋势合理,空间分布与生产、生活功能趋同。（3）依据“三生”功能协调度偏离情况,划分功能主导区和提升区,明确各县域功能特征。研究结果可为国土空间规划提供依据。     

Developing industrial water reuse synergies in Port Melbourne: cost effectiveness, barriers and opportunities

Urban water scarcity from ongoing drought and an increasing population are driving a range of water saving options to be explored in Melbourne (Australia). This paper assesses the cost effectiveness of five water treatment and industrial reuse options in the Fishermans Bend industrial area at Port Melbourne. In consultation with industrial stakeholders and the local water utility, the study design began by identifying potential water sources and sinks in the area. Treatment technologies for each option - using a combination of membrane bioreactors (MBR) and in some cases reverse osmosis (RO) technologies - were developed. In evaluating the potential for future implementation, the cost effectiveness ($/kiloLitre) was assessed relative to water supply augmentation and water demand management options available in Melbourne. Additionally, the opportunities and barriers for option implementation in Port Melbourne were contrasted with the Kwinana Industrial Area, Western Australia where many regional synergy projects have been undertaken. This research identifies that the future implementation of industrial ecology opportunities requires strong and ongoing stakeholder involvement as described in this paper.     

微生物强化组合浮床净化微盐碱水体的效果

为了研究盐生植物碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和微生物构建的组合型浮床对微盐碱水体的净化效果,构建空白对照浮床A、碱蓬植物浮床B、微生物浮床C和碱蓬+微生物组合型浮床D,在室内连续流条件下对富营养化微盐碱水体(pH值为8.5~9.0,盐度为5‰~7‰)进行动态净化实验.结果表明,碱蓬植物浮床对总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数的去除率分别为32.5%、14.3%和28.2%,增加微生物人工介质后,碱蓬+微生物组合浮床对水体中的总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数的净化效率达到70.5%、34.7%、70.8%,其中微生物单元对总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数的去除率分别为37.7%、21.6%、44.5%.碱蓬+微生物组合型浮床净化硝态氮、总氮的增效作用去除率分别为12.2%、0.3%,而在去除氨氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数的过程中没有产生增效作用;表明在微盐碱环境中,组合型浮床中植物和微生物的协同增效作用受到抑制.采用高通量测序技术对浮床C、D中微生物群落进行对比分析表明,组合型浮床中微生物群落具有更高的丰富度和多样性,这与浮床D具有较高的污染物去除率的结果相一致.主成分分析结果表明,微生物的降解作用是水体中污染物浓度降低的主要因素.本研究为组合型浮床应用于净化滨海区富营养化微盐碱水体提供了参考依据.     

污泥与稻秆共热解对生物炭中碳氮固定的协同作用

为了研究共热解对生物炭中碳氮固定的协同效应,利用管式固定炉开展了不同热解温度(300~700℃)下的污泥与稻秆单独热解及其共热解(泥秆质量分别为1∶3、1∶1、3∶1)试验研究.结果发现,污泥和稻秆共热解并不是两种物料单独热解贡献的简单叠加.共热解对生物炭产率无协同效应,但对固定碳产率的协同性受共热解条件影响较大.在相同热解温度下,1∶3和3∶1泥秆比共热解生物炭中的碳和氮含量协同量化值均明显大于1∶1泥秆比下的协同量化值,碳和氮元素含量协同量化值分别在热解温度和泥秆比为(400℃、1∶3)与(400℃、3∶1)时达到最大值12.43%与40.65%.碳和氮固定率协同量化值随热解温度的升高而增加,最大分别为53.77%~56.13%和38.30%~39.12%,说明共热解可显著提高生物炭中碳和氮元素的固定水平.除3∶1泥秆比共热解生物炭中H/C原子比大于理论值,对降低生物炭的芳香度与饱和度具协同作用外,其他共热解条件下的H/C、(O+N)/C、O/C原子比均小于理论值,对提高生物炭的稳定性具明显的协同促进作用.污泥与稻秆在泥秆比1∶3、1∶1与3∶1下共热解,提高协同效应的方式分别为促进脱氧去氢反应、去氢反应与脱氧反应.该研究结果可为生物炭在碳氮封存减排中的应用提供新的工艺途径.