水洗过程对垃圾焚烧飞灰浸出特性的影响

通过水洗试验,对垃圾焚烧飞灰的浸出特性进行了研究.结果表明:水洗过程对飞灰中Cl,Na,K和Ca元素具有一定的去除效果,尤其是Cl元素的去除率在液固比为10 L/kg时可达到60.0%;经过水洗后飞灰XRD图中的钾盐和食盐的特征峰已经不明显,石英和石膏特征峰改变很小,KCl和NaCl是水洗过程中K,Na和Cl元素的主要去除形态;水洗对飞灰的酸中和容量影响较小;采用TCLP法和水平振荡法进行对比试验表明,水洗灰的重金属浸出质量浓度均低于原灰.      

Humification characterization of biochar and its potential as a composting amendment

Biochar has received increasing attention due to its applications as a soil amendment. Here, the chemical properties of solid and water-extractable fractions of four biochar samples were investigated. The results showed that wood biochar and bamboo biochar samples were 60%–80% more hydrophobic than those of rice husk biochar and rice husk ash. In addition, the acidity was 3.88 mmol/g from the total functional groups and 1.03 mmol/g from the carboxyl groups/lactones/phenols found in the wood biochar sample, which were about 1.5 times greater than those of the bamboo biochar sample. These functional groups could be used to determine the sorptive capacity of biochar for ionic solutes and water content and to increase the degradation of compost organics. The wood biochar sample was found to have the most humification materials(fulvic acid-like material + humic acid-like material) in the water-extractable fraction, which was 3–10 times higher than that in the rice husk biochar and rice husk ash; humified materials were not detected in the bamboo biochar sample. Humification materials in biochar may be involved in increasing the proportion of humic acid-like materials in humic-like substances within the compost product. Wood biochar had better hydrophobic, sorptive, aromatic, and humification properties compared to other biochars, suggesting that it may be used in composting in order to exert its effect as both a bulking agent and a composting amendment during the solid waste composting process.