Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish from the Sana River (Bosnia and Herzegovina): A preliminary study on the health risk in sport fishermen

Fish is the main single source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure in men. Anecdotal reports suggest high wild fish consumption rates among sport fishermen in Sanski Most area, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Presence of PCBs in the environment in BiH was previously documented. The main objective of this work was to estimate the magnitude of PCBs exposure and assess the potential health risk in sport fishermen in Sanski Most. The fishing pattern and magnitude of fish consumption were estimated in the questionnaire survey conducted during April 2012 among members (n = 60) of the local sport fishermen association in Sanski Most. Calculated median and high-end (90th percentile) fish consumption rates were 31 g d^?1 and 126 g d^?1, respectively. The PCB concentrations (as Aroclor 1254 equivalents), determined by ELISA immunoassay in 28 fish fillets ranged from undetectable to 208 μg kg^?1. Two different exposure scenarios were used: (a) median exposure, calculated from the median fish consumption rate and median PCB concentrations, and (b) “worst case” scenario, calculated from the high-end fish consumption rate and mean PCB concentrations. The results suggest negligible lifelong cancer and non-cancer risks in case of low to moderate fish consumption rate, but possibly unacceptable risk levels in high-end consumers.     

A rapid method for determination of Aroclor 1260 in cattle adipose tissue

Abstract

A simple analytical procedure for the determination of Aroclor 1260 in cattle adipose tissue is described. The polychlorinated biphenyls residues are extracted from the tissue using a soxhlet extractor and the extracts are cleaned up using a florisil SEP‐PAK cartridge. The residues are detected using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The effect of extraction time of the Aroclor 1260 residues from the tissue has been investigated and a period of four hours is found to give satisfactory percent recoveries. Greater than 85 percent recoveries were obtained from adipose tissue spiked with Aroclor 1260. The method can be used to detect Aroclor 1260 residue levels as low as 0.10 parts per million.

The method was used to analyze thirty‐one cattle adipose tissue samples out of which twenty‐six samples were taken from cattle suspected of exposure to a pasture containing electrical transformers and capacitors containing Aroclor 1260. Five control samples were collected from cattle with no known exposure. All twenty‐six samples were found to contain non‐detectable Aroclor 1260 residues.     

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英和Aroclor 1254对大鼠睾丸的单独和联合毒性效应

为了探讨2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(TCDD)和Aroclor1254对大鼠睾丸的单独和联合毒性效应,采用2×2析因设计将SD大鼠随机分为4组,即对照组、Aroclor1254单独染毒组(10mg·kg-1)、TCDD单独染毒组(10μg·kg-1)和联合染毒组(TCDD10μg·kg-1+Aroclor125410mg·kg-1),每组5只.灌胃染毒,每天1次,连续12d.染毒结束后处死大鼠,称睾丸湿重、检测睾丸组织病理学及睾丸组织脂质过氧化状况.结果表明,各染毒组大鼠的睾丸均呈现毒性效应,表现为睾丸湿重降低,睾丸组织出现明显的病理学改变,丙二醛(MDA)水平升高、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性降低,这些毒性效应多数在联合染毒组表现更为明显.析因分析结果表明TCDD与Aroclor1254对大鼠睾丸的联合毒性效应为相加作用.以上结果提示TCDD与Aroclor1254单独和联合染毒均具有睾丸毒性,且二者的联合效应为相加作用,在对二噁英和PCBs进行环境风险评价时应考虑这种联合作用.     

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英与Aroclor 1254单独与联合作用对大鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤效应(Damage Effects of Individual and Combined Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin and Aroclor 1254 on DNA in Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte of Rats)

为探讨2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(TCDD)和多氯联苯(Aroclor 1254)联合染毒对大鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA的损伤效应,将20只雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠随机均分为4组,即对照组(橄榄油)、Aroclor 1254单独染毒组(10mg·kg-1)、TCDD单独染毒组(10μg·kg-1)和联合染毒组(TCDD 10μg·kg-1+Aroclor 1254 10 mg·kg-1).大鼠每天灌胃染毒1次,连续染毒6d.染毒过程中记录大鼠的体征和体重.末次染毒后24h取外周血,分离淋巴细胞,采用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳技术(彗星试验)检测外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤,并采用CASP软件分析各组彗星的尾部DNA百分含量(Tail DNA%)、尾长(Tail Length)和尾矩(Tail Moment).结果表明,染毒结束时TCDD单独染毒和联合染毒组大鼠体重显著低于对照组,且联合染毒组表现更为明显.TCDD单独染毒组和联合染毒组大鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA可见明显损伤,TailDNA%、Tail Length和Tail Moment均显著高于对照组(p<0.05),且联合染毒组大鼠细胞DNA损伤更为严重,但Arolor 1254单独染毒组大鼠未见明显DNA损伤.析因分析提示TCDD与Aroclor 1254对大鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的联合毒性效应为协同作用.本研究结果表明TCDD与Aroclor 1254联合染毒可加重大鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤,在对PCBs与二噁英的混合暴露进行危险性评估时要注意这种联合毒性作用.     

Sources and Distribution of Polychlorinated Terphenyls at a Major US Aeronautics Research Facility

O -deethylase (EROD) activity to a similar degree as PCB Aroclor 1254 and to a greater extent than PCT Aroclor 5460. The presence of high concentrations of PCTs contributed to the facility being included on the National Priorities List. It subsequently became the first US federal facility to sign a Federal Facility Agreement, identifying cleanup responsibilities, prior to formal listing.     

载银TiO2催化剂上Aroclor1260的光催化降解

以载银TiO2为催化剂,以紫外光为激发光源,考察了溶液的pH值和溶液中Fe3+﹑Fe2+﹑Mn2+等金属离子浓度对Aroclor1260降解速率的影响.结果表明,酸性条件更有利于Aroclor1260的光解作用,而且多数PCB单体在pH值为4时有最大的光解速率.所考察的3种金属离子对于Aroclor1260的光解作用都有较大的影响.其中Aroclor1260的光催化降解速率随Fe3+离子浓度的变化符合表观一级反应动力学规律;Fe2+和Mn2+的影响作用十分相似,并呈U型影响趋势,即低浓度的促进作用和高浓度的抑制作用.     

低剂量Aroclor 1254和BDE-209单一和复合暴露的甲状腺干扰作用

本文旨在探讨低剂量PCBs和PBDEs单一暴露和复合暴露的甲状腺干扰作用.非洲爪蟾46期蝌蚪单独或共暴露于100 ng·L-1Aroclor 1254和BDE-209至62期.暴露结束后检测变态时间、甲状腺组织学结构、甲状腺相关基因表达水平等指标.结果发现,Aroclor 1254和BDE-209单独暴露使蝌蚪变态发育呈现一定的延迟趋势,而复合暴露却显著抑制蝌蚪变态发育;所有的暴露处理均导致蝌蚪甲状腺组织代偿性改变,表现为胶质面积减少,甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞高度显著增加;Aroclor 1254单独暴露显著抑制甲状腺激素受体(TRA)、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型脱碘酶(DI-2,DI-3)的表达,BDE-209单独暴露仅抑制DI-2的表达,但BDE-209协同促进Aroclor1254对肝脏内TRA表达的抑制作用.综上,低剂量Aroclor 1254和BDE-209单独暴露和复合暴露对非洲爪蟾变态发育具有一定的甲状腺抑制作用,复合暴露的抑制作用明显高于单一暴露的作用.鉴于甲状腺系统在脊椎动物生长发育过程中的重要作用,低剂量PCBs和PBDEs复合暴露的甲状腺干扰效应应该受到格外关注.     

TiO2投加量及其表面载银量对光催化降解Aro-clor1260的影响

在紫外灯照射下,催化剂TiO₂的投入量及其表面载银量对光催化降解Aroclor1260有显著的影响.但TiO₂的投入量并不与Aroclor1260的降解速率成正比关系,而是有一个最佳投入量,在本文的实验条件下,这个最佳值为60mg(3g/L).TiO2的表面载银量越多,Aroclor1260的降解速率也越大,而且浓度相对较高的PCB单体化合物的降解速率大于浓度相对较低的PCB单体化合物的降解速率.对于多数PCB单体化合物而言,TiO₂的催化活性随其表面载银量的增加而增强.     

Aroclor1254对大鼠甲状腺结构及功能的影响

为探讨低浓度多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)商业混合物Aroclor1254对大鼠甲状腺结构及功能的影响,本文将12只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和PCBs暴露组(Aroclor1254组),对照组腹腔注射Aroclor1254的溶剂玉米油,暴露组以2000μg·kg-1·d-1的剂量行腹腔注射Aroclor1254,每周注射5d,连续注射13周.采用HE染色、免疫组化及电镜技术观察PCBs对大鼠甲状腺组织结构的影响,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清TSH、Free-T3、Free-T4水平,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)及钠碘转运体(NIS)mRNA表达水平.研究结果发现,与对照组比较,暴露组大鼠甲状腺组织内单核巨噬细胞(ED-1+细胞)浸润增多,甲状腺微观结构受损,血清TSH水平显著升高,甲状腺组织TgmRNA及NISmRNA表达显著下调.研究结果表明,低浓度PCBs长期暴露可导致大鼠甲状腺结构破坏及功能损伤.     

TiO2投加量及其表面载银量对光催化降解Aroclor1260的影响

在紫外灯照射下,催化剂TiO2的投入量及其表面载银量对光催化降解Aroclor1260有显著的影响.但TiO2的投入量并不与Aroclor1260的降解速率成正比关系,而是有一个最佳投入量,在本文的实验条件下,这个最佳值为60mg(3g/L).TiO2的表面载银量越多,Aroclor1260的降解速率也越大,而且浓度相对较高的PCB单体化合物的降解速率大于浓度相对较低的PCB单体化合物的降解速率.对于多数PCB单体化合物而言,TiO2的催化活性随其表面载银量的增加而增强.